THE  ENGINEERING 
DRAUGHTSMAN 


E.  ROWARTH,  A.M.I.E.E. 


THE    ENGINEERING   DRAUGHTSMAN 


THE     ENGINEERING 
DRAUGHTSMAN 


BY 

E.  ROWARTH,  A.M.I.E.E. 

»/ 

INSTRUCTOR  IN  ENGINEERING  DESIGN  AND  DRAWING,  GEOMETRY  AND  GRAPHICS,  ETC. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MECHANICAL  AND  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

BATTERSEA  POLYTECHNIC 
AUTHOR  OF  "ELEMENTS  OF  ENGINEERING  DRAWING" 


WITH  %  FULL  PLATE   ILLUSTRATIONS  AND  OVER  150  EXAMPLES 


NEW  YORK 

E.   P.   DUTTON   AND   COMPANY 
PUBLISHERS 


X  £ 


PREFACE 

THIS  book  is  intended  for  the  use  of  students  who  are 
already  familiar  with  the   Elementary  Principles   of 
Engineering  Drawing.    The  examples  provided  call  for 
the  practical  application  of  these  principles  in  the  production 
of  "working"  drawings,  and  an  attempt  is  made  to  provide  for 
students  a  course  of  work  comparable  to  that  of  a  draughtsman 
during  his  apprenticeship. 

The  work  of  the  average  junior  draughtsman  varies,  of  course, 
very  considerably  in  different  classes  of  work  and  in  different 
offices,  but  may  be  fairly  summed  up  as  follows  : — 

(1)  Making  working  drawings  of  details  from  information 
obtained  from  general  arrangement  drawings. 

(2)  Making  assembly  or  arrangement  drawings  from  detailed 
working  drawings. 

(3)  Making  working  drawings  of  details  of  new  machines 
similar  to  machines  previously  made,  but  with  modifications  in 
both  size  and  shape. 

(4)  Making  working  drawings  from  dimensioned  sketches 
taken  from  actual  machine  details. 

(5)  Making  working   drawings  to  verbal  instructions  and 
hand  sketches,  and 

(6)  Tracing. 

In  the  following  pages  there  are  numerous  examples  covering 
cases  1,  2,  3,  and  6.  Case  4  is  easily  provided  for  by  the  use  of 
models  and  actual  machine  parts,  the  latter  being  distinctly 
preferred.  An  instructor  who  has  had  some  practical  experience 
should  have  little  difficulty  in  providing  for  Case  5.  It  will 
thus  be  possible  to  arrange  that  a  student's  work  runs  on  paral- 
lel lines  with  that  of  the  apprentice  draughtsman. 

The  practice  of  specialising  in  any  one  particular  branch  of 
engineering  in  the  early  stages  of  a  student's  career  should 
not  be  encouraged.  The  essential  foundation  work  of  all 
engineering  drawing  is  the  same,  whichever  branch  may  be 


435421 


vi  THE  ENGINEEEING  DKAUGHTSMAN 

finally  selected  for  specialisation,  and  specialisation  may  fittingly 
come  towards  the  end  of  a  student's  course.  In  the  meantime 
his  drawing  office  work  should  include,  as  his  other  work  does, 
as  many  branches  of  engineering  as  possible. 

The  collection  of  examples  given  in  this  book  makes  it 
possible  to  provide  a  course  of  work  which  will  give  the  student 
a  comparatively  wide  experience. 

A  perusal  of  the  List  of  Plates  will  reveal  the  scope  and 
variety  of  the  work  provided.  In  many  cases  sufficient  infor- 
mation is  given  to  enable  students  to  make  sets  of  working 
drawings  of  complete  machines,  and  the  natural  preference  to 
deal  with  a  machine  in  its  entirety  rather  than  with  some 
isolated  part  of  it  is  thus  catered  for.  Amongst  such  complete 
machines  that  are  included  may  be  mentioned  a  steam  hammer, 
a  hydraulic  capstan,  a  single  ram  pump,  a  hydraulic  press,  an 
air  pump,  an  oil  pump,  a  steam  engine  governor,  and  a  lathe. 

It  is  not  intended  that  the  plates  shall  be  capable  of  inter- 
pretation without  the  aid  of  the  text.  Indeed,  the  description 
lists,  which  largely  monoplise  the  space  usually  devoted  to  text, 
should  be  considered  as  integral  parts  of  the  instruction  sheets 
and  should  similarly  form  an  integral  part  of  every  working 
drawing. 

The  method  of  indicating  the  various  materials  by  the  use  of 
different  kinds  of  section  lining  has  not  been  adopted  in  making 
the  illustrations,  nor  is  it  recommended  in  the  making  of 
working  drawings.  An  infinitely  safer  plan  is  to  definitely 
specify  in  the  description  list  the  particular  material  required. 

Many  of  the  plates  are  perhaps  somewhat  disfigured  by  the 
lavish  use  of  reference  letters  and  numbers,  but  since  these 
references  render  the  plates  easier  of  interpretation  it  was  con- 
sidered desirable  to  sacrifice  appearance  for  utility. 

In  a  large  majority  of  cases  the  text  describing  any  particular 
plate  will  be  found  on  the  page  facing  the  plate,  thus  obviating 
the  necessity  of  turning  over  leaves  for  purposes  of  reference. 
Owing  to  the  length  of  the  description  lists  in  a  few  cases  the 
accompanying  text  occupies  an  additional  following  page. 

The  book  has  been  divided  into  sections  for  convenience  of 
reference,  but  it  is  not  intended  that  the  examples  should  be 
worked  in  their  numerical  order.  Instructors  naturally  prefer 
to  plan  their  own  courses  for  their  students,  but  for  students 
working  privately  the  alternative  courses  outlined  on  page  xii 
will  be  found  serviceable. 

By  the  kind  permission  of  the  British  Engineering  Standards 
Committee,  tables  concerning  standard  bolts  and  nuts,  screw 
threads  and  keys  are  included  towards  the  end  of  the  book, 


PKEFACE  vii 

together  with  tables  of  wire  gauges,  decimal  and  millimetre 
equivalents,  and  weights  of  materials. 

The  author's  thanks  are  also  due  to  Professor  Unwin, 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  for  the  privilege  of  including  his  methods  for 
determining  approximate  involute  and  cycloidal  shapes  of  gear- 
wheel teeth.  To  his  esteemed  colleagues,  Messrs.  H.  M. 
Edmonds,  Esq.,  B.Sc.,  J.  Beaumont  Shaw,  Esq.,  A.E.C.S., 
Wh.Ex.,  A.  T.  Dover,  Esq.,  A.M.I.E.E.,  and  H.  L.  Dingwall, 
Esq.,  the  writer  is  greatly  indebted  for  helpful  criticism  and 
suggestions,  and  takes  this  opportunity  to  express  his  gratitude 
for  their  services.  Especially  does  the  author  realise  how  much 
he  owes  to  the  conscientious  labours  of  Mr.  Edmonds,  and  it  is 
not  too  much  to  say  that  whatever  measure  of  immunity  from 
error  the  book  may  possess  is  largely  attributable  to  the  meti- 
culous care  exercised  by  Mr.  Edmonds  in  his  checking  of  the 
drawings  from  which  the  blocks  were  made.  Finally  the  author 
would  place  on  record  his  gratitude  to  all  the  engineering  firms 
who  so  generously  supplied  prints  of  their  working  drawings, 
by  the  aid  of  which  he  was  able  to  make  the  illustrations.  A 
list  of  these  firms  will  be  found  on  the  following  page. 


E.  K. 


BATTERSEA  POLYTECHNIC 
May,  1919 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  engineering  firms  to  whom  the  author  is  indebted 
for  the  supply  of  working  drawings. 

Messrs.  Thomas  Beeley  &  Son,  Ltd.,  Hyde,  Manchester. 
Belliss  &  Morcom,  Ltd.,  Birmingham. 
Beyer  Peacock  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Manchester. 

The  Brush  Electrical  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  Loughborough,  Leicestershire. 
Crofts  Ltd.,  Bradford,  Yorks. 
Davidson  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Belfast. 

The  Gnome  &  Le  Rhone  Engine  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  E.  17. 
Humber  Ltd.,  Coventry. 
Maiden  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Tool  Makers,  Hyde. 
Marshall  Sons  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Gainsborough. 
B.  &  S.  Massey,  Ltd.,  Openshaw,  Manchester. 
Musgrave  Bros.,  Leeds. 

The  Newall  Engineering  Co.,  Ltd.,  London,  E.  17. 
Huston  Proctor  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Lincoln. 
The  Skefko  Ball  Bearing  Co.,  Ltd.,  Luton. 
R.  A.  Skelton  &  Co.,  Moorfields,  London. 

South-Eastern  and  Chatham  Railway  Co.  (per  James  Clayton,  Esq.). 
Tangyes  Ltd.,  Birmingham. 
Turbine  Gears,  Ltd.,  Hyde. 

Turner,  Atherton  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Den  ton,  Manchester. 
The  Unbreakable  Pulley  and  Mill  Gearing  Co.,  Ltd.,  Manchester. 
The  Vaughan  Crane  Co.,  Ltd.,  Openshaw,  Manchester. 


LIST  OF  PLATES 


INTRODUCTION. 

1.  Specimen  Working  Drawing 

2.  Specimen  Working  Drawing 

SECTION  I. 
GENERAL  ENGINEERING. 


xx 

xxii 


9. 
10. 
11. 

12. 


Flexible  Coupling  for  Shafts      .  2 

Benn  Patent  Friction  Clutch    .  4 

Head  Gear  Pulley  for  Mine  Shaft  8 

Housing  for  Sirocco  Fan    .         .  10 
Bearing   for   Mine   Ventilating 

Fan 12 

Hanger     Bracket     with     Ball- 
bearing    14 

Pedestal  Thrust-bearing     .        .  1C 

Block  for  10-ton  Crane       .         .  18 
Spring  Relieving  Block  for  40- 
ton  Crane        .        .        .        .20 

Steel  Stanchion .  24 


SECTION  II. 
TOOTHED  GEARING. 

13.  Cycloidal  Curves  and  Teeth  30 

14.  Involute  Curves  and  Teeth  34 

15.  Types  of  Gear  Wheels  36 

16.  Internal  Spur  Gearing  38 

17.  Bevel  Gearing    .         .  40 

18.  Helical  Gearing          .  42 

19.  Worm  Gearing  .         .  44 

20.  Worm  Gearing  Housing  46 

SECTION  III. 

DETAILS  OP  LOCOMOTIVES  AND   OTHER 
STEAM  ENGINES. 

21.  Locomotive  Valve  Rod  Guide    .     50 

22.  Locomotive    Cross-head     (Two 

Bar) 54 

23.  Locomotive   Cross-head  (Single 

Bar) 56 

24.  Locomotive  Cylinder  Cover  (Me- 

tallic Packing)        .         .        .     58 


25.  Locomotive  Steam  Regulator    . 

26.  H.S.  Steam  Engine  Connecting 

Rod        .        .        .        .        ! 

27.  H.S.    Steam   Engine   Eccentric 

and  Rod          . 

28.  Traction  Engine  Cylinders 

29.  Traction     Engine    Valves    and 

Pistons 

30.  Traction  Engine  Cylinder  Covers 

31.  Traction  Engine  Cylinder  Covers 

32.  Pickering  Governor 

33.  Pickering  Governor 

34.  Pickering  Governor 

35.  Turbine  Governor 

36.  Turbine  Governor 


60 
62 

64 
66 


70 

72 
74 
76 
78 
80 
82 


SECTION  IV. 
STEAM  BOILERS  AND  MOUNTINGS. 

37.  5"  Steam  Stop  Valve  . 

38.  Scum     Cock     for     Locomotive 

Boiler     .... 

39.  Ramsbottom  Safety  Valves 

40.  Traction  Engine  Firebox   . 

41.  Marine  Type  Boiler  . 

42.  Suckling  Water  Tube  Boiler 

43.  Suckling    Water    Tube    Boiler 

Details    . 


86 

88 
90 
92 
94 
98 


100 


SECTION  V. 


DETAILS  OP  AEROPLANE  ENGINES  AND 
MOTOR  VEHICLES. 

44.  Aeroplane  Propeller  Hub  .        .  104 

45.  Cylinder,  etc.,  for  Gnome   En- 


gine       .... 

46.  Air  Pump  for  Gnome  Engine 

47.  Oil  Pump  for  Gnome  Engine 

48.  Cone  Clutch  for  Motor  Car 

49.  Gear  Box  for  Motor  Car     . 

50.  Steering  Gear  for  Motor  Omni 

bus 


106 
108 
112 
116 
120 

124 


THE  ENGINEERING  DRAUGHTSMAN 


SECTION  VI. 
ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING. 

51.  Field  Magnet  (C.C.  Generator)     128 

52.  Armature  (G.C.  Generator)  132 

53.  Commutator  (C.C.  Generator)        134 

54.  Pedestal    Bearing    (C.C.    Gene 

rator)     ....  136 

55.  Brush  Holder  (C.C.  Generator)      138 

56.  Stator  (Induction  Motor)  .  140 

57.  Rotor,  Slip  Rings,  etc.  (Indue 

tion  Motor)     .         .         .  142 

58.  End  Frame  and  Bearing  (Indue 

tion  Motor)     ....  144 

59.  Brush  Holder  (Induction  Motor)  146 

SECTION  VII. 
HYDRAULIC  ENGINEERING. 

60.  Hydraulic  Stop  Valve         .         .  150 

61.  Hydraulic  Press,  Details    .         .  152 

62.  Hydraulic  Press,  Details    .         .  154 

63.  Single  Ram  Pump,  Details        .  156 

64.  Single  Ram  Pump,  Details        .  153 

65.  Hydraulic  Capstan,  Arrangement  160 

66.  Hydraulic  Capstan,  Bedplate     .  162 

67.  Hydraulic    Capstan,    Revolving 

Plate 164 

68.  Hydraulic  Capstan,  Crank  Shaft, 

etc 166 

69.  Hydraulic    Capstan,    Cylinders, 

etc 168 

70.  Hydraulic  Capstan,  Valves         .  170 

71.  Hydraulic  Capstan,  Valves  and 

Unions   .  .         .  172 


SECTION  VIII. 
MACHINE  TOOLS  AND  JIGS. 
72.  Shell-ending    Lathe,    Arrange- 


ment 


176 


PLATE  PAGE 

73.  Shell-ending  Lathe,  Stand,  etc.  178 

74.  Shell-ending  Lathe,  Bed   .        .  180 

75.  Shell-ending  Lathe,  Saddle        .  182 

76.  Shell  -ending    Lathe,    Spindle, 

etc  ......  184 

77.  Square  Turret  for  Lathe     .         .  186 

78.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Arrange- 

ment      .....  188 

79.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Bed      .  190 

80.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Swivel 

Saddle  Details        .         .         .192 

81.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,   Swivel 

Saddle  Details       .        .        .194 

82.  Pipe-screwing   Machine,  Swivel 

Saddle  Arrangement      .         .  196 

83.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Turning 

Head       .....  198 

84.  Pipe-screwing     Machine,     Tool 

Holder    .....  200 

85.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Leading 

Screw      .....  202 

86.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Driving 

Gear        .....  204 

87.  Pipe-screwing  Machine,  Stands, 

etc  ......  206 

88.  Drilling  Jig         ....  208 

89.  Drilling  Jig         ....  210 


SECTION  IX. 
1  CWT.  STEAM  HAMMER. 

90.  Base  Plate          .        .         .        .216 

91.  Standards  .....  218 

92.  Cylinders  and  Valves          .         .  220 

93.  Actuating  Gear  Details      .         .  224 

94.  Foot  Gear  .....  226 

95.  Actuating  Gear  Arrangement    .  228 

96.  Foundation  .         .  230 


LIST  OF  TABLES 


PAGE 

British  Standard  Bolts,  Nuts,  and  Screw  Threads 232 

Fine  Screw  Threads 

Pipe  Threads 

Sellers',  Metric,  and  B.A.  Screw  Threads         ...  %& 

British  Standard  Keys 235 

Weights  of  Materials 

Imperial  Standard  Wire  Gauge 

Birmingham  Wire  Gauge 

Decimal  Equivalents  of  Fractional  Parts  of  an  Inch       .         .         •  ^ 

Metrical  Table  with  English  Equivalents 


SUGGESTED  COUESES  OF  WORK 

THE  arrangement  of  examples  given  below  provides  a  varied  programme  of  work, 
detailing,  assembling,  modification  of  design,  and  tracing  examples  alternating  with 
each  other,  the  examples  being  taken  from  all  sections  of  the  book.  As  far  as 
possible  they  are  graded  so  as  to  be  increasingly  difficult,  though  this  is  not  always 
a  feasible  or  strictly  necessary  plan. 


1.  Ex.   7,  p.  11,  or 

Ex.  12, 

p.  17 

31.  Ex.   6,  p.   9,  or  Ex.  34,  p.  47 

2.  „   36,  „   51, 

47, 

„  65 

32.   ,   92,  „  135,    ,    90,  „  133 

3.  „   52,  „   71,   „    53, 

„  71 

33. 

,   76,  „  107,    ,    78,  „  110 

4.  „   14,  „   19,   „    17, 

»  22 

34. 

77,  „  107,    ,    38,  „  52 

5.  „   68,  „   89, 

69, 

„  91 

35. 

,   71,  „   93,    ,    72,  „  95 

6.  „    8,  „   11, 

70, 

„  91 

36. 

64,  ,,   87,    ,    98,  „  141 

7.  „   42,  „   59, 

39, 

„  55 

37. 

,  128,  „  173,    ,   129,  „  173 

8.  „   10,  „   15, 

9, 

„  13 

38. 

,   99,  ,,  143, 

93,  „  137 

9.  „   11,  „   15, 

48, 

„  65 

39. 

,  103,  „  145, 

100,  „  143 

10.  „    2,  „   3, 

,     4, 

„   6 

40. 

,   18,  „   22, 

15,  „  19 

11.  „    3,  „   6, 

28, 

„  43 

41. 

,   66,  ,   87, 

16,  „  19 

12.  „   41,  ,   57, 

45, 

„  61 

42. 

,  139, 

,  191, 

144,  „  199 

13.  „   40,  ,   55, 

,   106, 

„  147 

43. 

,   88, 

,  130, 

97,  „  141 

14.  ,,   75,  ,  105, 

82, 

„  118 

44. 

,   94, 

,  137, 

101,  „  145 

15.  „   19,  ,   25, 

37, 

„  52 

45. 

,  110, 

,  153, 

112,  „  155 

16.  „   13,  ,   17, 

50, 

,  69 

46. 

,   27, 

,   41, 

26,  „  39 

17.  „  20and21,  p.  32,  J^6*^  ^f^one 

47. 
48. 

,  147, 
,  142, 

,  205, 

,  197, 

146,  „  203 
141,  „  193 

18.  ,,  22  and  23,  p.  35,  \  /• 
vtor  any  course. 

49. 

,  108, 

,  151, 

,    43,  „  59 

19.  „   89,  p.  133,  or 

Ex.  91, 

p.  135 

50. 

,   109, 

,  151, 

35,  „  47 

20.  „  125,  „  171,   , 

126, 

,  171 

51. 

,  155, 

,  222, 

156,  „  222 

21.  „   24,  „   37,   , 

25, 

,  37 

52. 

,  149, 

,  209, 

150,  „  211 

22.  „  127a,  „  171,   , 

,  127b, 

,  171 

53. 

,   79, 

,  110, 

81,  „  114 

23.  „  122,  „  169,   , 

123, 

,  169 

54. 

,   95, 

,  137, 

54,  „  71 

24.  „   114,  „  157,   „   111, 

,  153 

55. 

,  115, 

,  159, 

145,  „  201 

25.  „   31,  „   45,   , 

32, 

,  45 

56. 

,   57, 

,   75, 

,    61,  ,  81 

26.  „  135,  ,  185,   , 

131, 

,  179 

57.  „   60, 

,   79,   „    62,  ,  81 

27.  „  136,  ,  185,   „   132, 

,  179 

58.  „  117, 

,  161,   „   130,  ,  177 

28.  „  137,  ,  187,   „   140, 

,  191 

59.  „  153, 

,  219,   ,,   152,  ,  217 

29.  „   55,  ,   73,   , 

,    65, 

,  87 

60.  „  138, 

,  189,   „   151,  ,  215 

30.  „   85,  ,  125,   „    83, 

,  122 

INTRODUCTION 

TT  CORKING  Drawings. — The  majority  of   the  examples 

ry          included  in  this  book  call  for  the  making  of  working 

drawings,  and  Plates  Nos.  1  and  2  show  specimen 

working  drawings  as  used  by  two  up-to-date  engineering  firms. 

To  have  one  detail  only  on  each  shop  print  seems  to  be  the 
modern  conception  of  a  working  drawing.  Though  more  work 
for  the  drawing  office  staff  is  entailed,  the  saving  of  time  in  the 
works  when  this  system  is  adopted,  more  than  compensates  for 
the  extra  cost  of  the  drawing  office  work. 

Where  half  a  dozen  or  more  details  of  a  machine  are  shown 
on  one  drawing,  a  practice  still  common  with  probably  the 
majority  of  firms,  much  time  is  wasted  and  the  progress  of  work 
in  the  shops  considerably  retarded  by  the  fact  that  several  work- 
men may  be  requiring  the  drawing  at  the  same  time.  Since 
blue  prints  are  so  cheap  and  are  so  quickly  made  this  difficulty 
is  sometimes  overcome  by  having  several  copies  of  a  drawing 
issued  to  the  works.  This  remedy  is,  however,  not  without  its 
defects.  However  good  the  "drawing  registration"  in  a  works 
may  be,  "  shop  copies "  will  get  mislaid,  and  if  alterations  to  a 
drawing  require  to  be  made,  there  is  always  the  chance  that 
one  or  more  of  the  shop  copies  will  be  missing  at  the  time 
the  alterations  are  made.  The  consequences  are  perhaps  too 
obvious  to  need  comment. 

Arrangement  of  Views. — The  Method  of  Projection  used  in 
making  the  illustrations  in  the  following  pages  is  the  method 
most  frequently  used  in  this  country.  It  is  therefore  suggested 
that  the  same  method  should  be  generally  adhered  to  by  the 
student.  At  the  same  time  the  student  should  indubitably  be 
acquainted  with  the  other  method  of  projection  which  is  used 
by  many,  but  not  by  the  majority  of  engineers.  The  difference 
between  the  two  methods  will  be  clearly  understood  by  reference 
to  the  following  sketches. 

xiii 


XIV 


THE  ENGINEERING  DRAUGHTSMAN 


METHOD   I 


METHOD  2 


In  Method  No.  1  (the  method  adopted  for  the  plates  in  this 
book)  a  view  placed  in  position  A  is  taken  looking  in  the  direc- 
tion indicated  by  arrow  (1).  A  view  placed  in  position  B  is 
taken,  looking  in  the  direction  of  arrow  (2)  and  a  view  placed  in 
position  C  is  taken  looking  in  the  direction  of  arrow  (3). 

In  Method  No.  2,  view  D  is  taken  looking  in  the  direction 
of  arrow  (4),  view  E  looking  in  direction  of  arrow  (5),  and  view 
F  in  direction  of  arrow  (6).  This  method  is  sometimes  modified 
by  making  view  F  a  view  looking  in  direction  of  arrow  (7). 

It  may  be  conceded  in  favour  of  the  second  method  that  it 
is  much  more  convenient  to  use  in  "certain  cases"  than  is  the 
first  method.  As  an  example  consider  the  case  of  the  general 
arrangement  drawing  of  a  locomotive  where,  in  addition  to  a 
longitudinal  elevation,  an  end  elevation  looking  on  the  smoke- 
box  and  an  end  elevation  looking  on  the  footplate  end  may  be 
required.  It  is  obviously  easier  to  read  the  drawing  if  the  views 
are  arranged  by  Method  No.  2  rather  than  by  Method  No.  1,  and 
there  are  numerous  similar  examples  of  a  like  character  which 
might  be  named.  For  the  vast  majority  of  cases,  however,  it 
may  be  assumed  that  Method  No.  1  is  the  better  one.  In  reading 
a  drawing  it  is  usually  a  simple  matter  to  determine  in  which 
direction  a  view  has  been  taken.  Where  this  is  not  perfectly 
obvious  a  definite  statement  in  writing  should  be  made  by  the 
draughtsman  on  the  drawing.  This  is  particularly  desirable  in 
depicting  articles  which  may  be  made  right-  or  left-handed. 

Number  of  Views  Required. — Whatever  differences  of  opinion 
there  may  be  as  to  the  Method  of  Projection,  there  can  be  only 
one  opinion  as  to  the  number  of  views  that  are  essential.  The 
complete  shape  of  the  object  depicted  must  be  shown.  It  may 
require  one,  two,  three,  or  even  more  views,  but  unless  the  com- 


INTBODUCTION  xv 

plete  shape  is  clearly  indicated  the  drawing  is  not  a  good  working 
drawing.  It  sometimes  happens  that  so  many  dimensions  are 
required  that  it  is  advisable  to  add  an  extra  view  on  which 
some  of  the  dimensions  may  be  placed  in  order  to  avoid  unduly 
crowding  the  other  views.  This  extra  view,  however,  adds 
nothing  to  the  information  regarding  shape. 

Dimensioning. — Working  drawings  are  usually  fully  dimen- 
sioned. In  addition  to  depicting  the  complete  shape,  every 
size  or  dimension  is  given,  so  that  the  drawing  forms  a  complete 
record  of  the  object  illustrated. 

It  is  the  practice  with  some  engineering  firms  to  provide  for 
the  machine  shops  special  copies  of  the  working  drawings  on 
which  are  given  only  those  dimensions  relating  to  machining. 
In  some  cases  this  refinement  is  carried  still  further  and  each 
section  of  the  machine  shop  is  provided  with  its  own  specially 
dimensioned  print.  For  example,  a  casting  which  in  turn  re- 
quires drilling,  turning,  and  milling  operations  would,  involve 
the  use  of  three  different  blue  prints.  The  print  supplied  to 
the  driller  contains  only  those  dimensions  relating  to  the  size, 
number,  and  positions  of  the  holes  that  have  to  be  drilled.  The 
print  provided  for  the  turner  will  show  only  those  dimensions 
giving  the  diameters,  lengths,  and  positions  of  the  turned  sur- 
faces. The  milling  machine  operator  works  to  a  print  on  which 
appear  only  the  dimensions  necessary  to  enable  him  to  carry 
out  the  milling  operation.  In  short  every  process  has  its  own 
specially  dimensioned  print  provided  for  it.  Undoubtedly  there 
is  much  to  be  said  for  both  these  ideas  as  the  saving  of  time  in 
the  machine  shops  which  results  must  be  considerable.  As  a 
set  off  against  this  time  saving  in  the  works  there  has  to  be 
taken  into  account  the  extra  drawing  office  work  involved,  the 
multiplicity  of  tracings  and  prints,  and  the  extra  filing,  registra- 
tion, etc. 

Whatever  type  of  print  is  deemed  most  suitable  for  the 
machine  shops  it  is  essential  that  the  pattern-makers  and  smiths 
should  be  supplied  with  prints  containing  practically  every 
dimension,  and  the  engineering  firms  using  this  type  of  print  as 
their  standard  shop  copy  are  still  in  a  large  majority. 

In  dimensioning  a  drawing  it  is  the  practice  in  some  offices 
to  use  inches  and  parts  thereof.  In  others  feet  and  inches  are 
used,  any  dimension  over  12"  being  expressed  in  feet  and 
inches.  In  other  offices  where  feet  and  inches  are  used,  feet 
are  not  introduced  for  any  dimension  under  24".  This  is 
largety  a  matter  of  taste,  influenced  somewhat  by  the  length 
of  measuring  staffs  in  use.  There  is  no  law  controlling  this 
matter.  All  that  need  be  said  concerning  it  is  that  if  "feet" 


xvi  THE  ENGINEEEING  DBAUGHTSMAN 

are  used  there  should  be  a  distinct  gap,  with  a  horizontal  line 
across  it,  between  the  figures  representing  feet  and  those  repre- 
senting inches,  as  thus  2" — 2",  and  not  thus  2'  2".  The  student 
will  probably  have  learned  by  this  time  that  apart  from  decimal 
parts  of  inches  the  inch  fractions  used  by  engineers  are  halves, 
quarters,  eighths,  sixteenths,  thirty-seconds  and  sixty-fourths, 
and  occasionally  -ris"-  The  use  of  any  other  fraction  is  not 
permissible. 

Indication  of  Machined  Surfaces. — Probably  in  the  majority 
of  cases  nowadays  the  surfaces  that  require  to  be  machined  are 
indicated  in  some  way  on  the  working  drawing.  In  some 
offices  it  is  the  practice  to  do  this  on  the  blue  print  only,  the 
custom  most  in  vogue  being  to  line  the  surfaces  with  red,  a 
colour  brush  being  used  for  the  purpose.  This  is  admittedly 
an  effective  method  of  calling  the  workman's  attention  to  the 
surfaces  requiring  machining.  The  principal  objection  to  it, 
in  the  writer's  opinion,  is  that  the  information  relating  to 
machining  is  not  recorded  permanently  on  the  tracing,  and  that 
each  time  a  new  blue  print  is  required  the  red  lining  of  the 
print  has  also  to  be  done.  This  difficulty  is  sometimes  overcome 
by  red  lining  the  tracing  which  gives  a  faint  white  blurred  line 
on  the  print,  a  result  not  altogether  satisfactory  so  far  as  the 
print  is  concerned.  Unfortunately  there  is  no  standard  method 
of  indicating  machined  surfaces,  though  the  one  illustrated  in 
the  specimen  drawing  on  Plate  No.  2  is  probably  the  one  most 
frequently  used.  In  this  case  a  small  letter  /  is  printed  across 
the  line  representing  the  surface  that  requires  machining.  In 
the  specimen  drawing  shown  by  Plate  No.  1  a  large  letter  F 
printed  close  to  the  line  answers  the  same  purpose.  Both  these 
methods  may  be  described  as  good,  a  description  which  the 
writer  would  hesitate  to  apply  to  some  other  methods  which 
are  in  vogue.  It  is  suggested  therefore  that  one  of  these  two 
methods  be  adopted  by  students  and  applied  in  every  case  where 
a  working  drawing  is  made. 

The  plates  in  this  collection  are  so  generally  crowded  with 
reference  letters  and  numbers  that  it  was  not  considered  advis- 
able to  further  complicate  the  illustrations  by  indicating  the 
machined  surfaces.  Students  will,  however,  profit  considerably 
by  an  endeavour  to  determine  for  themselves  which  surfaces 
require  machining. 

Sizes  of  Drawings,  etc. — There  are  no  universal  standards 
governing  the  sizes  of  the  sheets  or  the  arrangement  of  marginal 
columns  or  the  information  contained  therein.  Every  drawing 
office  is  a  law  unto  itself  and  has  its  own  standard  sizes  and 
arrangement  of  sheets,  usually  dictated  by  the  class  of  work 


INTEODUCTION  xvii 

being  dealt  with  and  sometimes  controlled  by  the  available 
filing  accommodation  for  office  or  shop  copies  of  the  drawings. 
The  originals  of  the  specimen  drawings  shown  on  Plates  Nos. 
1  and  2  are  from  different  firms,  equally  eminent  in  the  en- 
gineering world,  and  dealing  with  precisely  the  same  class  of 
work.  As  will  be  seen  by  comparison,  the  arrangement  of 
the  marginal  columns  and  the  information  contained  therein 
are  entirely  different  in  the  two  cases.  The  size  of  the  two 
originals  is  also  different,  whilst  the  difference  in  the  method  of 
indicating  the  machined  surfaces  has  already  been  noted. 

In  some  offices  a  double  elephant  sheet  (40"  x  27")  is  the 
standard,  whilst  in  others  "  Imperial"  (30"  x  22")  is  found  to  be 
more  convenient.  In  either  case,  when  small  separate  detail 
working  drawings  such  as  the  two  illustrated  on  Plates  Nos.  1 
and  2  are  required,  the  standard  office  sheet  is  divided  into  the 
required  number  of  spaces  which  may  be  four,  six,  or  eight, 
according  to  convenience.  Suppose  a  double  elephant  sheet 
contains  say  six  detail  drawings.  The  sheet  may  be  blue 
printed  as  a  whole  and  the  print  cut  up  into  six  small  sheets. 
Each  of  these  sheets  may  then  be  mounted  on  a  piece  of  card- 
board for  use  as  the  "shop  copy"  in  the  works.  This  is  the 
practice  most  commonly  followed.  It  may  be  noted  that  the 
sheets  of  tracing  linen  may  be  procured  with  the  marginal 
columns  and  various  headings  ready  printed  to  requirements. 
This  effects  a  great  saving  of  drawing  office  time,  the  extra  cost 
of  the  tracing  linen,  due  to  the  printing,  being  almost  negligible 
by  comparison  with  the  time  saved.  Working  drawings  being 
produced  in  so  many  varieties  of  form,  some  being  specially  ap- 
plicable to  some  particular  class  of  work  or  to  suit  some  special 
system  of  organisation,  it  is  suggested  that  for  ordinary  class 
work  the  student  should  not  follow  the  system  of  any  particular 
engineering  firm.  He  should  work  on  lines  which,  broadly 
interpreted,  are  applicable  to  most  first  class  systems  and  the 
following  regulations  covering  the  making  of  working  drawings 
are  offered  as  a  guide. 

(1)  The  drawing  should  show  the  complete  shape  of  the 
object  depicted. 

(2)  Every  size  or  dimension  should  be  given. 

(3)  All  machined  surfaces  should  be  indicated. 

(4)  The  name  of  the  part,  the  material  of  which  it  is  made, 
and  the  number  required  should  be  stated. 

(5)  The  title  and  scale  should  be  neatly  printed. 

(6)  Where  more  than  one  detail  is  shown  on  a  drawing 
a  "  description  list "  similar  to  those  accompanying  the  ma- 
jority of   the   plates  in   this   book  will   be   found   to   be  the 

b 


xviii  THE  ENGINEEEING  DRAUGHTSMAN 

most  convenient  way  of  giving  the  particulars  required  by  re- 
gulation (4). 

Before  proceeding  with  any  of  the  examples  students  are 
recommended  to  read  carefully  through  the  description  list  and 
text  accompanying  each  plate.  Indeed  the  description  list  is  a 
part  of  the  drawing  and  the  plate  cannot  be  interpreted  without 
its  aid.  In  numerous  cases  dimensions,  which  it  was  found  to 
be  inconvenient  or  inexpedient  to  place  on  the  drawing,  are 
given  in  some  form  in  the  description  list.  In  some  cases 
where  it  has  been  impossible  to  give  dimensions  either  on  the 
drawing,  owing  to  exigencies  of  space,  or  in  the  list,  the  dimen- 
sions may  be  scaled. 


o 
£ 


(X, 


b. 

-f  ,  - 

;~TI  ,  iv. 

f  k 

! 

3rz 

f  *      0 

^T^ 

I 

u. 

1  1I 

IJX-H 

ti 

CM 
< 


3 


L 


o 

si 

CO 

u. 
d 

l/> 


0) 

I- 

z 
o 


CO 

ce 


XXI 


co   °* 
«§ 


0 


O 

52; 

I— I 

3 

o 


a 

h— ( 
0 

PH 


'S^agig'g 


-fl 


. 


- 


+=  a  ^  t?  « 

Sill* 

3  Bill 
1  lys-g 

11-11 


/So 

imli 

g  ^  o  nd  ^q  ^H 


j  bo^aj1^ 

K*~»  "    m  "3  *S 


§1^ 
g^-g    § 

C3r^     g     H 

'§^l 

"o  § 

C8     03 


fl 
.2  ^-. 

5.g-a 


ep 
red 
are 


2     CD rO     ft 

B|JJ8<8* 


is  best  to  avoid  this  r 
imension  being  alte 
e  machined  surfaces 
eh  uire  machining 


r 


bD"-1   vi  5 

s.as^  |.s 
II    III 


o*a  sfS      P 
»  »  °  S  >,  •  "> 

IJilill 

I^F.in 

a     ?5  2  "5  a  "5 


XX11 

TT 
O 

< 
o: 


d 
fc 

W 

5 

H! 

PM 


10 

H« 
a:  (M 

£  oo 


a: 

LJ 
Ld 

H 


UJ  Z 


LL.  CO 


O    "T. 

<  I 


"I 


-NOQNOT    '6D 


Z  X'X 


XX111 


§^1 


£ 

<1 
P3 
Q 

O 
S5 

1— ! 

M 
P5 
O 


>        .£  e  i-        ss 
o^1^^  jf  &D      o 

!lli«| 

'-a^l= 


I  ~ 


-8^ 


§g§ 


a  *  : 


099 
'  ' 


l~-ia 
oopp 


Nominal  Diame 
High  Limit 
Low  ,,  . 
Tolerance  . 


lla 


XXIV 


.2  & 


a. 2 


o 


®    Jn  £5     I  rt 


SECTION  I 
GENERAL   ENGINEERING 


CD 


CO 


O)    j^ 

•s  ® 

£  a 

A  C3 

c8 

jfa 

0"^ 

§ 

_o 

&I- 

a  „ 

0 

r-m"i 

8|- 

Z  a 

r—  *  C^l  CO          ^  ~ 

O  ^ 

a  ~ 

CN  ^  CN    X  "* 

*  a 

I 

^X 

O)  '-H 
^     CO 

0, 

ctf 

§1" 

d    ^ 

£ 

^    <D  '• 

U  a 

0  J3 

as  £ 

S   D 

5  8 

r-t  rH  rH  CO  rH      | 

^  •** 
10    0 

*£ 

.2  ^  ^ 

^•7^  <« 

T3     J1 

-S    >^  ; 

j 

53                 "«    ^ 

^^ 

| 

J                  ^    ®    S 

-22] 

1 

1  "  "slj1 

«+H       "       1 

O    «8    c 

S 

^          S 

cS^a  $ 

.  2E 

S-5B 

CO     £ 

CO     ^ 

CP        -    0 

SS5 

RIPTION. 

tl  '^  *  • 

tiES.    pq 

^: 

•i^ 

S 

Ed 

^      '-S    '    ' 

s-S 

Q 

J3       ^.9  ^r? 
5PHffi 
t|                   |VJ 

§F 

bJ6n3    cr 

1*—  '           g^    >j          "^ 

-2  o^ 

ffi      O  ffi  w  C^5 

U^^ 

H 

1^-1 

J£  v  * 

gw 

u  ^ 

^C^O^O^ 

=§•2- 

><     CO 

a  *5 

CD    fl    <u 

OS 

S    0    J3 

f»      ^     CC 

o    c     ^ 

III 

H  §  P 

"        CD     CO 

C3  JH     > 

<JH  g 

bo       .» 


^   a 

TO       C 


lil 

8  S'S 


rH 

O 


t>/0  bfi  bfi 


J5. 


- 
.a     oo 


Spherical  Headed  Bol 
Seated  Nuts 
Hex.  Hd.  Bolts  wit 
Nuts 
Helical  Springs  . 


Pressure  Plates  for  Springs 
Adjusting  Screws 
Key  for  Driving  Boss  . 
,,  Back  Cover 


O  r-t  C<)         CO 


-Q    O     ~"3 


Z   N 

".    X 

I 


CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO 


rH  rH  rH  rH  CO  <M  rH  «O 


PH  c^  co  -*  10  «o  t-«  oo 


.s°.s 


a1 

2 


3    fl_c    i;«J^i^    02    — 

1 .2  -S  ^— ^J  §  g 


-I  au   11  '"s 


too  CD    co 

.H3  2 
l°l 

CD     fl     * 

<3f* 

cu 


ho 
nn 


show 
The  co 
This  clu 


to 


CO         .      g" 

c3    co    |> 
"     co    o 

o  o  _S 

»^2  ^ 
ncf  CD    P^ 

1*1 

a.a^ 

CD  W 


, 
11 


~ 


a.  s 


e  i 

&!  ^ 

12;  ^ 

S  e 

^  s 


°  2 


>     CO     — 

8|t 


**H        fl    bn  ^ 
W        O    Q  ^3 

3     £  -r  ^ 


CO 

tuo 
a 

g 

n3 

bJO 


5    ^ 


cq  -** 

r-H     CD 

r^3        co 


' 


fl'l-g 

O     Q  i»j1 


CO 
H 


Hi 


C5JO 


PH 


CO 

PH 
PH 

H 


O 
O 


I 


NUMBE 
REQUIRE 


ft 

<J 

H 

w 


§  ^ 


2r       *"^ 

I  1 


.3^'-      Ss 


.3.2   • 


K  W 


31 
ill 

rS2^ 

1^2      - 


M  fc  33 


-g    P    <D 

•2  ,§       be  J  •*  g 


- 
CD         co        •  rt 

® 


s*:    ^ 


g  g.o.2  ^  fl 

' 


,§ 

CO 

bJD 


I 

n3 

bJO 
fl 


I 


|~™*   i— -<  C3      cS      rH 

c6    O         ?5  ^  £ 


10 


PH 


11 


.1  .  . 

a>  i  sJ  ft  j 

•|  •  u  •'s  a  %  «  • 

I  !  ££  'i  .o 

M    .  o       f-1  w  « 

'•s  gg  '-s-g  3    f  ' 

Jaa.l^  §  « 

JflJl^S  3    I_^ 
I    II 

rH  IM  CO  ^  ^O  SO  t—  OO        O5O 


•H3H 


12 


r^ 

^d 

W 


i. 


sf  ~ 

CO     O3  C/5 


13 


. 

0 

6 

«W      ;.,T 

Z  H 

e2 

^0COp-            or, 

5S  *£  Xi4^  !  ' 

«cc 

i—*  rH                        T"  '  ^^ 

^ 

I 

W 

<3 

P^ 

1 

O 

g 

si 

EH 

§l 

^r-H^C^^C^r-lOO     | 

< 

z«    ! 

J 

HH 

zos 

EH 

52; 

s 

!> 

j 

__--{_            "73 

j2         a?  ™  <a?                  -*-^ 

1  J|llsj9 

H 
£ 

(-H 

I 

^   '2  d2«   "  "5 

a  igs      i 

g 

^-H 



s 

P3 

S  | 

§ 

•  -s  -s  •  •  • 

a    g 

O 

•A 

rt 

f  t       ^  —  ,  o 

;AFT-BEARIN 

DESCRIPTK 

i^lii'i, 

myiii 

S  j5w  ~"3  fl  o  ^ 
^  ^  -d  &£  .0  0  ^ 

•1=^1111 

g      «^Jg^J 

PQ          ffiOOHHOO 

W 

CQ 

u 

gai 
r  u 

go 

i—  iC^COr^iOCOl-—  ODOi 

H  S 

S  3 

UZ 

OS     - 

! 

°c       be 
d  "3      *S 


•S'g 


28 


CO 


- 


^g  ^     03 

_c  J  » 


a 
is 


a     . 

>^ 

8  '3 


ete  vews  o 
earing  surface 
,  and  for  conven 
ly  indicated  in  tl 
spection  and  oil- 
he  covers  being 


PH 

a^  *~'b.s 

8  s-8-2  g  § 

y  -d  q  o  -d  >• 

M  H    |    ^H    03 

d  d       p 

.ajs    5 


•a5a}J       W  W  (N  i-l  rH  rH        t-l  rH  rH  i 


0     W 


|  II 


^     S  ^H 


1-C  S 

S  x 


|         If' 

O        t— i  OJ 


•aaawnfj 


O 

6 
z  2 

f 


- 


•aaawriN 


.02     .    .    . 


cB    eS 


CO     O     ^ 

3  g  3 


*H         M        f^l 

"o  q  3 


a  — '  o 
o  n  K 

aS:? 

^     02     CD 

O    fl  ^ 

•S  8*9 

I  a  1 

-£  r§     bJO 
1     II 

a    &co 

d     O  rrt 


1.9.3 


—  '     CO 


-S 


CC     •  rH 


•S   S  -       .3   S 


O 

rr" 

o 


bo 

a 

'Jt 

s 


^ 

a 


CD 

^3  too 


CD     O  ^H' 


pO     rt  r^  CD  •  r*"(  "^-3 

CD    CO  O  ,-Q  rH  ---^  CO 

bJD_^  X!  ,«    CD  ^  """ 

f3  "73  CO  .S  -t3  OQ  «J-j 


15 


a 

02 

?        • 

&JPQ 

8  ^ 

~    CD 


•  - 


60 

S 

1 

2 

rM 

02 


o 


- 

-a  o  ^  P  •  a 


f 


d 

«l 

2  S 

CD  *^^ 


'53   CD 


H    rH 

a    a  •§ 


J 


16 


T 


PH 


17 


*>    (T) 


PH 


Pn 

e 


6 

&« 

* 

l<i 

3g§§x*x,*,x| 

*  "*3» 

I 

t*. 

•B 

£X 

S§ 

o  a 

la 

2£ 

a 

—  1              r-H 

< 

o      -g.    ^  ^       o 

-2^—1-2 

H 

-t-3        "              "MiTi       ""-»J 

_* 

< 

5 

o    I     IS     I 

1^1 

^ 

=»-•  V-  A 

•  *S3o  •  •  • 

WE  h 

'  u£ 

^  o 

DESCRIPTION. 

M    h    0 

'  'liS|  •  • 
.^§«l  . 
Ig-s  -s^55 
S6»  J||3 

Mlfj 

9           9           SH«      =dl 

(^     pq     ;»ffi     o 

Hex.  Hd.  Set  Bolt. 
Thackray  Spring  Was 
Gas  Plug  for  Drain  H 

H 

a  w 

S3 

rH(NOOrtlUS«O^QO 

OiOrH 
i—  1  i—  1 

S  3 

£z 

lit 

"S  ^3    0 

o  -^  ~ 


0.2 

-5«l 
IS-s 


-       « 

111 


C3 

.si 


l 


il 

31  « 


.sa> 


n 
=3      - 


o    o 

_S 

If 

8 


f 

<D 


: 


o    ^S 


cq     co 


18 


o 

T— I 

6 


k 


^ 

•pfr 


19 


r-H     2  O 

.    !S  =•   — i 


»= 


E  =i  'p^.2  +i  ®  .2 

AH  PQ  02  M  CO  fe  W 


•.s 


p^« 
SP 

-its. 

Scc^ 
g^? 

ls^ 

feO 


rH  <N  CO  T*1  IO  «O.I>- OO         O5  ' 


~  H 
K  N 


a    s, 

^  -    CO 


aaamnfj 

<      ' 

2 
w 

H 


rH(M(MrHC<JC<l          rH(MrH          rH 


•    2 


3  ^i 
•  pq  ,o 


gfil|*l 


"^  O 


03 

8  i 

-S  -2 

1  -S 

*  I 

P 

2  -5 


bJO 


IB 


CO  r3 


Jj—J      03 


o  g^  sl  ^1 


.^ 

®    03    CD  r^    ®    OQ 
of.^    >    ^^    &JD° 

''  ^ 


d  ®  S 


co  a  .43 

' 


-., 

J 


i 


fl 

S 


of 


s  s 

I     ° 

tJD    Q 


r£j         C3 

!'•§ 

5  S 

o     <o 


^11 

CUD  _M*  rH 
S  O  03 

'5     o   ^ 

|^    I 

ri« 

i  i! 

^  a  'S 
^  §  s 

I  2- |P 
«  ^  '5 
1  a  -s 


pa 


03 

8    a  3 

03       C>JO      03 

-a  *s  s 

Ifil 


^    to    co 


H  H  H 

J  r3  J 

PM  PH  pn 

a  s  s 

<  <  < 

X  M  M 

W  s  pq 


20 


21 


5B« 

z2 

B* 


0*5          S 

A«2       S     ^ 

^^°  ^  - 


00 


£  3 


.  bo 

^0 
•  CO 


^    5 


jfjJsi-i  fi||Jl 

£K    M  ^K  §  w    °  ^  --  - 


02 
I 

Is 
121 

fc  gPQ 
O 


-1-1 

52-3  bo-9 

*  °-g  a 
§S  ££ 


:&|8 
5ji| 

2*53  CUD 

g  3.S£ 
s-i   *-i   be  fl        fl 
rS   PI  ?_i  'S         w 


cuo 


03 


K  H 


^         lc 


^     *•-,       t      J        Oi 

s?»  2^   x|. 


^ 

o-W«O 


aaawn^ 


CN  (M        (N  !N  i-H  (M        (M  (M 


s 


-MkS 


- 

02  °°  h  ,0 


O        i-H(MCOTt<        VC«D 


x 

pg      rl 
*^ 


.1      og 


O  ® 


22 


1 


sf 


co 

a 
.-§ 

bf) 

a 


CO 
CD 

-S 


I 

c 
o 

ft 

CD 


,3         co 
a>        „., 


CO     J> 
CD    en 


CD 

3 
S 


o      *-S 


On 
O 


to 


^rj         eg    CQ 
ft  CD 

P3  43 

i"rt    j"? 

O      a  ^ 


-8 


CD 
-Q 


ft  a 

CD  .2 

tg  O 

, .  CD 

-3  ™ 

W)  .S 

a 


J 

CO 


CD 

43 


CD     CD 


O     ^  a 
S     -S'^ 

PQ          &JD  CD 


y     p 

£;      ^  a 

P  si 

a  I3 


03        ^  ^ 
0^ 

O     "a-§ 

5     >l 

•rd       CD  x 


n 


co 

bo 


CD          — . 


J 

CD 

ni 

CD 

1 


rH 

S 
P-j 

««3 


•*« 

J2 
"Ei 

a 
8 


CO 
rH 

K 
EU 


a 
'ft 


I      1 


CD 
CD 

'J 

o 

J3 

"ft 

CD 
43 


43 

I 

CD    - 
43    O 


a^isi 

^ » 0-43-^  ^ 


H.II 


3  •& 

tT3         co 


® 


25 


X   X  X   X  X  X  X 


•aaxxaq 


•aaixaq 


fcdD  '    niJ  O    Q)    O 

Jj      >  *     ^  .xj  ^ 

i  !i  -ft  i 


-    §s 


03 

fl          r^ 


Sg 

§ 


as  a 
•^  a 


.£H      ^ 


QQ 

o 

tc 
'53 


.SP 

CD 

s 


§   i 

0        r-ii 


I 

CD 
O 

.2    • 

II 


<J  PQ  o  Q  H  fe  O  M  i-a 


^r^     O 
».      cS 

II  ^§ 
CO    * 


. 

ill 


0 
03     CD 


o  «T 


111 


- 


--"• 


<^ 


B  <»£     S^  s^ 


r/3    ^    a 

b         j    -       CD  '43  a 
"     .2Q-    188 


SECTION  II 
TOOTHED   GEAEING 


SECTION  II 

THE  five  following  plates  illustrate  the  construction  of  Cycloidal 
and  Involute  Curves,  and  their  application  to  the  shape  of  the  teeth 
of  gear  wheels,  and  give  illustrations  of  various  forms  of  gear  wheels 
and  pinions. 

Before  proceeding  with  the  examples  given  in  the  text  accom- 
panying these  plates,  the  student  should  familiarise  himself  with  the 
following  points  concerning  gearing  generally. 

Pitch  of  Teeth. — There  are  two  ways  of  indicating  "  pitch  "  of 
teeth.  ''Circular  pitch"  is  specified  in  inches,  and  is  the  distance 
between  corresponding  points  of  two  consecutive  teeth  measured 

round  the  pitch  circle,  i.e.  circular  pitch  = — —  where  D  =  di- 
ameter of  pitch  circle  and  N  =  number  of  teeth. 

Diametral  or  diametrical  pitch  is  expressed  as  a  numeral,  and 
indicates  the  number  of  teeth  per  inch  of  pitch  circle  diameter,  i.e. 

diametral  pitch  =  — .  Circular  pitch  may  be  converted  to  diametral 
pitch,  thus  :  CP  =  — ,  and  similarly  diametral  pitch  is  converted 
to  circular  pitch,  thus:  DP  =  — . 

Ci 

The  usual  proportions  for  the  teeth  of  wheels  are  as  follows  : — 

Where  CP  =  circular  pitch  in  inches. 
DP  =  diametrical  pitch. 
H    =  height  of  tooth  outside  the  pitch  circle. 
D    =  depth    ,,      ,,      inside      ,,       ,,          ,, 
T    =  thickness  of  tooth  measured  round  the  pitch  circle. 
S    =  width  of  space  between  teeth      ,,        ,,       ,,          ,, 
OD   =  outside  diameter. 
N     =  number  of  teeth. 

28 


For  Machine 

Cut  Gear. 

1 

H   = 

•3183CP 

or  -b^- 

D_ 

•  QfiQQpp 

1-157 

f\\* 

—  . 

t-I^JOO  w  \ 

DP   ' 

T    — 

•5CP 

1-5708 

U\*f  1 

DP 

S    = 

•5CP 

1-5708 
or  —  - 

DP 

OD   — 

(N  +  2)  x 

CP        N  +  2 

W  \J      

7T 

DP 

TOOTHED  GEAKING  29 

For  Unmachined  Gears. 
H  =  -3CP. 
D  =  -4CP. 
T   =  -46CP. 
S    =  -54CP. 


Involute  Teeth. — This  is  the  shape  of  tooth  most  generally  used, 
and,  though  the  pressure  angle  or  angle  of  obliquity  is  commonly 
14-^°  or  15°,  and  the  proportions  given  above  the  ones  most  commonly 
adopted,  the  stubbed  involute  tooth,  having  a  pressure  angle  of  20°, 
is  quite  frequently  used,  and  the  usual  proportions  for  this  tooth  are 
as  follows : — 

•7854 
H  =  -25CP        or  -5^-1 

•9424 
D  =  -31416CP  or -D-p-, 

the  other  proportions  being  as  before. 


30 


31 


QJ 


tuo 


CD  CD 

§  § 

bO  S 

CD  CD 


13  2"S  P  t»o 

-_§  s.s 

S  co  6  -s  i 


-3 


32 


-g  *  u.'  .2 

"*^  -2 


^ 


H3 

'3 

13 


o  o 


2'C  *  o 

0  <    PH 


.a-fi  g 


bJO 


o 

'03 

| 

OP 


<  . 


diamete: 


&     .2 


m 

(Jii      it    "     CD     OJ     Hi     O , 


0 


,£ 

o 


-      . 


Dl5  O 


CO          .g 


~"  ^          ^ 


rS      °  *° 


I— ( 

^l 

g      § 

S  g 

s    p>-> 

3^ 

M    03 

H£ 

H3 

a 


O 

T-H 

cq 

H 

g 

X 

H 


T^ 

r-4 

6 


PH 


35 


< 
ojo 


I 

1r> 

3 


a    •§ 


iliiilii!1 

!      r/%      :"L   f— i   I—H      <L  ,   rr^     Sr      jg 


3s  diame 


J-i  O 


=*-,         10 
to        °0 


P          S 

a      '3 

XI 
o        o 

ft 

I    S 


H.SP 


37 


•+=>  l£T  CO 

o00  g 

III 


a 

|1! 

00  «M  V 


fl 


o 

^^  ^ 

c3    .  ^  o 

|^2 

'™*s 

'B 


>         O   e8  '8   °« 

P"  «  'Tl  J^H 


pq 

p 

PH 
CO 


ci  ^ 
3  1  2 


, 
^'3 

O     -- 


so 


0?  fl    c3 

r«  r^i    CD    d 
.2   ..         H 


- 


rr!  PH 


^  .S  cS 


•<;    ;ir  w  s 

x  2  .2  -i® 
pq  >  "5    H 

-I  I 


38 


—DIPS—     -*j 


yy^ 


* 


-  t?ip  -frZ 

-  D)p*O3— - 


<^DO 


*  <<fe~ 


^///A 
'<'"'W': 

•H^^^  i  r 


"fffz 


•fDI|>|f» 


^_l_ 
/-f^l 


w 


^^ 


^ 


39 


0 


- 


i 


l 


S! 


o 


P 

PH 
Cfl 


NTEEN 


^  §!".§* 

03    -    -    P,c3 


§g-s1-§i|'S 
tl:ll|lj-s 

-^o«d-^       -^ 


3  a  "«  "3  *s  H 

il'llli^^ 


111 

rr!    M    O 


'l|  o|  S.pij  a  s|^ 


. 


c 


..S  8 


40 


o 

fc 

W 


41 


0    G 


fc  -BO  "s  •  a  a  §  |  ^ 
"-    all    §•§• 

rfi  CD  .15  .2  CD 


as 


CD 

1 


.a    3 

ft  rO 


< 


43 


I  ^ 


-  -O: 

V    — :  -" 


•a53H 


j  -        -       -     X 

«  TJ 

13        i 


III   f  * 

,  —  a*  —  — 

M-C-     =  i  ••  -2       •   -5      S 

f   i  £1  i=.  ?  ,i|  ; 

I        i  J  2v:    x  a^  .^.    £j  o     ^ 

§     I  J!||J12  J  x?|  i 

a    is«--^  y  ^-^g  '^ 

I'lil^idll   i^'l^ 

:  aa    s    s    SJH    cs       a 


•a5aa 


i    ® 
I  -£ 


ft 
I 

i  I 


co        ^3 

S      ^3 

J     i 


.s      § 


-' 


§   « 
1  2 


a> 

I 


i  S.U 

•£          OS    o     X 


J2  -*^>      •»'*:"    03 

S   .^|"|" 
ll'IIJ^f 

O 


- 


.-S      o  • 


•s  ? 


•2^.c>o 


•s    .  s 

B  iS    *H 


ii      inra  t» 


i;j  ij*:i"li1lj 

-  S'c    -S^g-^.S'l-S^i^ 


44 


CD 

0 

„ 

B 

o 

- 

^  w 

CO 

t-,^            CD  i* 

«w  X 

z  g 

x    ®  6  x 

1    1  ao  08      *""  ; 

o 

W  ^ 

i                    "^ 

;     X 

•+—  < 

H 

R* 

tiD 

a 

"co 

_ 

o 

w 

4 

*33      c     "3 
a>       o   -  S3 

Sisll 

CD 

-  -^  S'o^3"' 

M 

H 

2      gfflS 

CD 

S 

S^s 

00,     S5SJ 

^ 

c 

•g 

s  ' 

s 

•*" 

«    > 

*2  J3 

d 

DESCRIPTION 

Thrust-bearing  Lock  Ni 
Screw 
Thrust-bearing  End  Co 
Stauffer  Lubricator 
Ch.  Hd.  Screws  . 

Sleeve  . 
Worm-wheel  Shaft  . 
Hub 
Rim 

Hex.  Hd.  Bolts  and  Nt 
Keys  (worm  wheel  to  s 

0 

0 
co 

CO 
CO 

•aaawriN 

CH        WTM/5 

2£222    §S 

O 

•day 

"^3 

O 

<Z  a 

yr   N 

r 


=  12   *  - 


S  " 
«8 


affl^o^^  ac'^3 

S-S^^^-K  :o^ 

llHIHl  ==2  • 

^;c«oi-oj3  cscsj.: 

I^OiJOiJ^  CQCQ^ 


-S 

o 

10          O 

rH  ^ 


O 


s!'^-'all  = 
^^^ag'^.ScD^ 


^  ^   52  S   £ 


CD    L3 


-O     CD  ""^ 


§ 


-  ^  eT  2  «i* 
•2  o  S  cq 
3'£  §1-1 


I      S 


46 


o 

<N 

6 


47 


aaawn^ 


i-H  CO  r-H  i-H  r-l  00  <» 


111     I 


•  -I- 


!    u  ^  ?  ^  PS  2> 

•  515' M 


~ 

W    " 


>aaa.^S  «w§SSSiS5oi§ 


.      . 


i—  li—  IrHi—  IT—  iCOi—  (COCO 


co  W 


JCO 


I-S 
g-*- 

CO 

II 

jo  § 


'ft  O 

d°l 

®    CD 

o   zi 


o   £  -js 
ft—-1    c3 

«5  O 


"sl  1 

O    CD     CD  • 


»     ."~>  CD 

o^  a 
^2-s 


<•«    ^-,'iJ-i    " 

1-Sls 


"Sg 


bJO  oo    S  _S  ^ 


O    fl 

wg 

ll 

d  2 
^a 
o 

•S"S 

CO  «4H 

i3 

"^l  CD 

ll 


CD 

CL|  rt 


js'l'lf  i  ^ 

-4=     g     P     CD  '^     CO 

£  o'p  ^  «"" 

'£-  g 

o'o^ 

rl  "2    S 

W    cl    CD 

.0    CD  ^3 

ll^oa 

CO     2 

j3    co 


:11 

r&  0 


CJ 

•S  2  2*0 


^  S^ 

CD    f>£ 


d  CD 

.2      3 


.-§ 

s 

f/3 


O 

I   I 


CO  CO 

a  a 


co 


CD 


ft 

co    cj 
c3    O 

CD    O 


02     CD 


8j 


CD  O 

"S  >-, 

1  i 

O  c/) 

a  -2 

c3  O 

too  ""T3 

Q 


tJD 


• 


r 

.as 


CD    0    fl 


C3  ^3 


II 


CD 


•^ 

CO 
CD 

'ft 

a 


r 

e3 


CO  ' 

oo  o 


CO    CD 

lf 


C3JD 


SECTION  III 

DETAILS  OF  LOCOMOTIVES,  OTHER  STEAM 
ENGINES,  AND  STEAM  GOVERNORS 


50 


(M 

CD 


51 


P 

O 

Q 
§ 


EH 

O 

S 

O 

o 
o 

,.: 


RN  NO 

SIZE. 


bfl 
| 
-     s 


,-(  <N  CO 

w  So  S  x  2  o 


MBER 
UIRED. 


c3   g  73  .3  —  '        a> 


REFE 
NUM 


a  g 


W 


fl     fl 


£ 

CD 

0) 


X     3 


2 


fl  « 


be 


CP  T3    g        X>          P 

as      *c    *$ 


~ 


..sa  o 

.2*3  2  I 

a  a^  J 

aj§  ®  'g 

O  -*=    cp  ri 


I 

03 

-*3 

J 


a  cp  cp 

§-i 

rj    rt  _2 
cp    O    co 


a5 


cp        .  v_, 

CP    co 

>H  j  TJ    CP 

:j    |!!i 

•5        "o  ®  |  J 


02 


.''*     CO 

' 


, 

S 


CP     03 


p    PH  co    Q    cp 

S  »  2  °  S 


CP  P^ 

*"  p 


•s     g) 

^3      ^5 

C2 

«      ft 

.B  | 


®          cp 

rs     p 

CO  12 


x  S 
H'S 


sufficient 


p 

o 

ft 
o 

PH 


co     . 
-*%? 

co  CO 
P      - 


a 


CO 
CO 


<3 

s 

(-H 

EH 

O 

S 
O 
Q 


cq 

bb 


§3 


Ors      .g 
« "o       ^ 


2  ^ 


a 
^ 


p 

bJO 

"i 

p 

CO 


- 


1 

jx 
0 


mi 


23 

c«  -Q 

P    n 


H 

v5 
oo 

H 
h? 
fri 
S 


CM 
(M 


w 

5 

(-1 


55 


Ss*. 


A-     -2 

E^  ®    I  20 

V*>  ^        ""^ 


-i? 


'     '- 


Jt-sH 


=2 


^3 

!  O 


•dan 


O  i-l         IM  CO  rj<  vo  CO  t^  QO 


TP         COco  •* 
•*£  C<J   X  oo  oo 

O  i-t  rH 


II 


8        -2     S  gsS 

I  5         5     ^  W  co  O 


•aaawn^  '  r-«MC7)r^ 


be       _;  ,j  be 

.a    §o.a 

M  Xi   ^Q    -1-3 


o 


CO  y-H        **^ 

CD  a 

S  .8.9 

co  "*"*  -3 


1  JJ'li 
I  Hli 


- 


00         O    P-i 

rt       r*  O 

Ills 


be     "3  _g  ^ 

CD   •  ^-<      " 


r^  _j     £L     M 

§     -S--  § 


..'§  8.8 


rt3  .2    0 
tiDoj    bo 


B  2^ 

£  H8 


•73 

a 

c3 
Of 


be 

a  S 

1  s 

I  S 


M) 

2 


J 

CD 
nd 
CD 

1 

a 


I 
% 


« 


a  o 


O    co 

-o  d 


o  fl 

fe    08 


CD    H 
o  |  Q} 


bo 

a 


CO 
(N 


H 

3 

PH 


[•qp*-]       _  -f~  •  |  y*" I       rriM 

tSf|(rt%g 

lit*.!?   ii  i  !l.L^  i      f       a      T          b 


I     I  'I         I  | 

^ L|i.l»X, 


4 


SCM    I 


ri  or  MI 

iK     i!  01         I  70 


^-^5 


=-|c4 


ftwtaa 


IffT 


^ 


@ 

f»H* 


.5 
"0 
4M 
c<^ 


"O 

* 


i^Ai 


57 


o 

S5w 

f 

CL, 


^xx|  x^ 


IN  <N  <M  £?  £}  £J  <M 


p     ^  ^ 

!  §        -^     p        . 

^W    ^S-. 


OOO5  O  rH  (M  CO  •* 


I-  00  Oi  O  rH 


CO  !N  (M  <N  (M  (N  (N 


J  *S 


11 


0  a 


'        ^ 


^  a  fl 
'o'o-S 


co  -S    0>  ^3 

al^Sft 
^a£^ 
2^-^ 


2  .S 


, 

§    i 


o  a  £ 

^^  S! 


o  - 

C  J     fl'-^     PH 


i 


I  ^  s§  §^ 

Q  ^  £_|  o>  o  §  o 

o       ^^  °Ci 

*«  O.  gj     m 


be 


>^'\ 


Uli 

•*    G    2    0> 


fl  •  2   <p  -3 


03    <D      . 


.     W 


. 

«  ^3  Cu 

*  » 


II    S~   * 


8   * 


—         - 

° 


0    =3    P      .   fl 

-S  o-J'g  A 


rj 


3HH 


bb'S  ° 

•!-<      ^     N 


S'J 


58 


(N 

6 
ft 

W 


59 


1, 
P 

I 


•aSay 
aaawnN 

"*     ^-^«<" 

j 

< 

11 

a 
u 

1 

2 

S  ^ 

Cfl 

JS 

1 

sS 

n 

~3 

"«  I 

CO 

.Sig.3.3 

•^  o  %  -*="  -^ 

°  §  i  g> 

t'll 

llfli 

^  -13 


t 

»!x  fl  "^ 


CO   J3   ^J 


-£3    F3 


G 
•  c      —  ^  • 

3>    J"«< 

.  ac    I 

X 

o 

I    S 

£ 

.-o    --n 

^*       ^^ 

»2     J 

S 

S 

icking  Rings 
elical  Spring, 
pressed) 
uds  (screwed 
ex.  Nuts 

,  Lock  Nut 
)lit  Pins  for  S 
1-box  Lids  . 
inge  Pins  for 

Q,£     ^K 

WOE 

•aaawnN 

—  IM        CO  •*!• 

tntot^eo 

•day 

.1 

LCD     03 

r&     O 


^  -S 

CO  CX5 


60 


s 

y 


S3 

- 

§ 
.3 


'a    -*•*• 
i  S0" 

-43        -V 

k>  CD  o 

0     §     § 

gJ-8 

^d    ^3 

£3  CO 


_ 
0    g 


;    P 


-  50 


lf 

fl    fl 


^ 

P       «„ 


CO 
-M 

)L| 
O 


K 
O 

6 

"^  N 

^?2?:KS  |  |  |  |  | 

|M 

S 

cu 

aaawnN 

J 

•3      s 

< 

0        t)             ^J 

R 

i   -S   .  -S  •    .  .  . 

«      §        •? 

S 

O       Q            > 

1 

E 

-g.    *    *    .     . 

s 
s 

s       Is 

u 

Q 

jM"jI|?J  r  s|  - 

J;  Cfl  jg  ocCQ  at 

nun  "  " 

-aaawnN 

-o.^^u.^^co^o 

- 

5.3  P.O  s 

4^     CO     <D  r^j  .S 


5  .3 

"31 


60 


(* 


frurtfT- 

, ,  -1 ,  i  J 


61 


§ 

0. 

p 

I 

W,ft 

Details  of  a  Steam  Regulator  for  a  Locomotive  are  given  on  the  accompanying  plate. 
The  regulator,  which  is  also  the  starting  valve,  is  situated  high  up  in  the  steam  dome  on  the  boiler,  and  its 
action  is  controlled  by  means  of  an  arrangement  of  rods  and  levers  from  the  foot-plate  of  the  locomotive. 
The  action  of  the  regulator  is  as  follows  :  Attached  to  the  lower  end  of  the  actuating  link  (9)  is  a  lever.  This 
lever  is  fixed  to  a  rod  which  passes  along  the  inside  of  the  boiler,  and  through  a  stuffing  box  fixed  to  the  back  plate 
of  the  boiler.  On  the  end  of  this  rod  a  lever  with  a  handle  is  fixed,  by  the  movement  of  which  the  regulator  valve 
is  controlled.  The  head  of  the  regulator  (1)  is  fixed  to  a  steam  pipe  leading  directly  to  the  steam  chests  of  the  cylinders 
Because  of  the  large  surface  of  the  main  valve  (2),  and  the  consequent  pressure  upon  it,  it  would  be  impossible 
for  the  driver  to  give  the  valve  the  necessary  movement  unless  some  special  provision  was  made  to  relieve  the  valve 
of  this  pressure.  The  use  of  the  auxiliary  valve  obviates  this  difficulty. 
When  the  actuating  link  (9)  is  moved  upwards,  the  auxiliary  valve  (3),  which  has  a  comparatively  small  surface 
area  on  which  the  unbalanced  steam  pressure  acts,  also  moves  -upwards.  The  main  valve  (2)  remains  stationary  until 
the  port  (A)  in  the  auxiliary  valve  (3)  comes  opposite  to  the  port  (B)  in  the  main  valve  (2).  Steam  is  then  admitted 
through  these  ports  from  the  boiler  to  the  regulator  head,  and  the  pressure  on  the  main  valve  largely  balanced.  The 
main  valve  is  then  easily  moved. 
EXAMPLE  45.  —  Make  a  drawing  showing  all  the  parts  assembled  together  in  their  correct  working  positions. 
Give  the  following  views  to  a  scale  of  6"  =  V  :  — 
(a)  A  sectional  elevation  corresponding  to  view  C. 
(b)  A  sectional  plan  corresponding  to  view  D. 
(c)  An  end  elevation,  the  left-hand  half  of  which  is  to  show  the  auxiliary  valve  and  the  retaining  plate  removed, 

aaawn* 

<N  C^  <M  r-l  rH  r-l 

MATERIAL. 

|               || 
1               |l 

DESCRIPTION. 

Hex.  Hd.  Bolts 
„  Nuts  . 
Split  Pins  . 
Actuating  Lever 
Pin  for  Lever 
Split  Pin  for  Lever 

•naawnN     <o^oooos 

§ 
6  . 

r 

X 

»o  »«  10     .5    S 

X'tS    "" 

bo  •"• 

aaawnN 

rH  i-t  i-(  i-H  (M 

MATERIAL. 

"£  g  1c  "c 

DESCRIPTION. 

Regulator  Head 
Main  Valve  . 
Auxiliary  Valve 
Retaining  Plata 
Distance  Ferrules  . 

•ja 

I-H  (N  SO  •«*  iQ 

62 


CO 
(M 

d 
fc 

W 
H 

3 

PH 


tcp  a      ^g  4» 

LrT  5s          ~t    O 


63 


O 
W 

d 

k— I 

PH 


PH 

m 

W 


PH 


Q 

i 

O 

S 
H 
O 


O 

o 


K  s" 

w  S 

a  £ 

S  3 


H 


II 


rH  C<J  r-*  C<J  (N  i-H  i-l  ^         rfl  T}(  rH  C<»         (N  (M  (M         r-( 


!         . 

^^SW      ^^2>» 

-  5  J^    s  Jl  s  . 

*      .-a  g  go 


3  £  * 


.     a 

^  * 

0   d 


c3    &JO 


®  2 

'9  a 


fl  J    fl  °°    S 

">  ^-^.2  ^  ^ 

S^l  I  g 


-3-3 


03    ^    c*    fl    § 

rH     CP     fl     O  ^2 

.  n-<     »-i  Tl 


O 

ns 


tc 


CO    O 

CO    g) 

co  .^ 

S3 
<D     C 


O)  ^=> 

H^ 
i    gJ 

H*r5 

gr"C3 
p 


rT    O 


a§ 


64 


65 


o 

r     1 

g 


^  **•«  €  "C 

00 


r 


i  =|s  4§p|s  4 


i^sss 


a 


CO 

^ 

fl 
"ft 


tUD       nd 

a  2 


a 
P 

& 


"2 


•.9 


"3  CO 

.2     'o 


5    CD  -5 

-°   ft 

1«  ! 

8-  -§ 


-        Is 
' 


.0    ro 

o  ^ 

.S  .2 
o  -S 


II 


l 


K 

O 

c> 

S-                                   Srto 

I- 

r-jC^CO          ^J          ^||| 
CM  5^  .'N        C<1         X     '      '      1          x 

1 

t-ce                               f-"t 

H  CN  CO 


•& 


^      ed 


. 
2  co       cs  ^       *  §  .3  Is  K- 

c!"^          -  vi  * 


o      - 


!    § 

=§     B 


r1  ^   fl 


.2  °o 

^H       H 

II 

<D    << 
25  X 

£& 


66 


67 


o 


NDERS  FOR  TRACT 


o 


gs 


o  o  d 

•a  a  - 

j    00 


-l  "3 


^s-S  a 
Ijte 

s°1 

£  s  -S 

o  ^  cs 

:li 


°  c5 

^^  "5 

?n « » 

bJO  CD  J-i 

C3     >•  CD 

•5     O  > 


co  A^ 

—     CO 


o  J§ 

CO    -»j    -i^a 
v — "  CD     CO 

bo  M--a 
Igl 

I  8-8. 

c3  "rt  ^2 
®    *  J 

-3  a  ^ 


a  a 

35 


CD    O 

5  I? 


68 


Ci 

CM 


w 

3 

PLH 


l:-l£L. 


.ee 


70 


CO 


PH 


71 


PATTERN  No 
SIZE. 


GO  '        00  X  "'*  X 


i-t         (M  (M  ^ 


aaawnM  | 


Ill 


I-KMCOT*  1 


cs 

0 

6 

-. 

|l 

>o  to  CN'     i>-      oo 

CM  CN     %    (M         CM 

CO  CO   X  «*  00         GO 

< 

•a5ay 

j 

rH  rH  <M  <N  rH          rH 
rj           'S            3 

< 

2    -2     ? 

2 
w 

"S       "2       ~1»       " 

< 

£? 

O          §           Q 

«           ^      '1           1 

1  1  .0    6 

^H              ^                 j-                 -< 

z 

o 

rd        §        5s        S 
3     -  as     •_«       ^g 

E 

'Pi     "rH          ^          ^ 

2 

£ 

u 

0           ^            05            « 

I    S.'l    i 

Q 

CO       »s  j^  ^2    O           c^ 

ri^^i 

gS|s96S5 

uqESMW     W 

•aaawnfj  j  co^voot-      co 

72 


CO 


W 
H 


73 


o 

I 


CO  CO  CO         *     ft 

0000  00    X  H«H«   X 


r£j    O 

fl  .S 


Ill 


0. 

0    'O 


•>-*  03 

_,  -»j    c3  "^ 

S    -<fi  a 

^g    03  O 

^6^  | 

3£*o  o 

%£  %  2 


flgW 

O    03    O    03 


O    fl  Jf 
^    °"O.S 


&JO       •§    co 


>  CO 


03  fl  CO  ^  "~ 

"**          3      --^  WH< 

i ^    g  ~c3  CD      . 


SJO 
fl 


10 


^03^ 
CO  ,JM     O 


2         JH     O 
rH        S  -J3 


wto  O  J    g    S  03  g 

HH"*3  CO     CD     ^»  ^  ? 

.  jj       ,-,>  --.CO  »rH  PS 

^T"      QJ  W  r-<  /i^ 


03     $3  03 

1  g  s-s 
.a  8p  a 


a  0) 

n  Q  t,_i  o 

ce  a  o  ^2  o> 

V?  =3  .      bJD 


11 

o   a 


80 


,,  ,  03     CO 


o 


II 


CQ    CM    -rH    ft  W 

HH  *O  t^  ^  *S 


74 


75 


« 

o 

Q 

1 

z  N 

oooS 

3  s  7'"- 

s 

< 

CU 

i-W 

•aQay 

aaawnfj 

J 
< 

3 

§3  1 

5 

^ 

1—  <  ^  5^ 

w 

^   ~  ^  ^ 

^*i 

| 

fl 

1  s§ 

O 

°6^ 

W 

®    * 

1—  1 

5 

0 

•  -4  • 
& 

1 
•  -g 

* 

V 

T3 

H 

a 

§ 

Z30 

DESCRIPTIO 

%  'a  ' 

•a**. 

02!^  o 

O>        GQ  +3 
|     j&* 

I  Wheel  . 
Valve  Cover  . 
Screw  for  Ha 

P5 

o 

o      1    ' 
02     O 

fflll 

M^ 

•aaaivnjjj 

»»  OO  Oi  O 

^j 

P5 

M3H 

1-1 

O 


2"  PICKER 


tt 

0 

6 

z  — 

o 

§§ 

Sg 

§ 

1 

•a5ay 
aaawn^j 

rH 

^^ 

T-H  (M 

rH 

J 

S 

3 

£ 

S 

| 

H 

-g 

pj 

S 

^ 

0 

A 
3 

g*  ' 

02 
T3 

53 

3- 

*   ? 

z" 

O 

1 

4n 

£ 

s>  ' 

-3 
•  !> 

^ 

® 

'cS 

ce 

rS 

.3  « 

.  "o 

f> 

^ 

S 

IH 

.s. 

"^  « 
II 

># 

1! 
Ig 

Stop  Valve 
Seats  for  Thr 

Seat  for  Stop 

•aaawnu 

^ 

(M  CO 

TttlO 

50 

•aay 

76 


se9s 


"1 


CO 
CO 


77 


3 


PH 
O 


o 


a 

H 
M 
o 
i—i 

Pn 


aaawnfj 


|  4 


®          | 


.§.  -I 


'If   Ha  '~  '"s.a-1 


Ss 


CO  rt<        -*o 


•5 


!>-_,fiia     TS^T^bc 

^l^lltlM 


s 


.a  a 


II 
.sf 

c8 

•  K"l  G 

^O  '    n  C3 

^    bo  ft 
<D    fl 

lc'fc  o 

ft  g  g 

o  -g  .2 

'S  ®  c^ 

^  a  & 


&  8 


f-H      <D 

0    fl 
fl     CD 


o^ 

d 
CD    O 


«« .2 

W)"CQ 

fl    O 

13  ft 

S-i        QjQ 

$  fl 


ft 

cc 


.2 

cS 


1 

a 

bD 
8> 


CD     co     q^ 


78 


CO 

6 


\& 


79 


rH        O        i— I 
O        CO        CO 


^  o  _|     ^3      J  o  g  o      •£ 

152  12  %S»|£  s 

GO®  S     co  ^     ^  2  £  S      ^ 


f  "I    ' '  -S  '  ^| 

K  >  S  r=5      _'      £    — 


•2  £t 


^_  S  b  S  ±!  ®  4S-  A 

s.?r  ^  .  .1^  il^  X 

tl  PI  fill  l«f-« 

rji^m      H^osOOEcn  PQ       O 


r-l  r-l  r-\  I-H  (M 


C  fl 

!  i! 

3     Mi 
o        o 


5l 

^ 

•B  ® 

II 


"(S 


CQ 


jg>    33  _  ._ 

|||l?||fsS 

*§>S  ^ll0! 


Pn®    ® 
O2^2  P-l 

O 


SSJ 


03 

_O 

£ 

2 

:  CD 


CO     W 

XI     CO 


3 


1 


T;    oj  -t-3 

^  &c  a 
?t  ce  CD 

^^i 
a>  s.l 

'SIS 

«J~ 

H  ^  g 


S-9* 

o  go 

g  g- 

O    CD    c! 

•J5  >:  o 


o^l 


° 


1 13 

CD  ^^ 


fl    CD 


KP     -   °°    ^ 

°f  G    J3    CD 

•s  o  o  a 


9     &        l|l-2 


a 

CD  t   " 


a  g  jcg  § 

3  .2  :2  fl  H 

§     >     CO  "1  "S 

CD    $3    3    f-J  .  .    I5" 


IIS  9=3 

tJ    .W    •"  I       r£> 


CD 

X! 


•s  5*.  a  •  a- «  g 

c3  -1-3  -^    p  r— i    ig 


Jg|    g|    §    g 

CD     d 


80 


81 


« 

oT 

o 

tuo 

0    ^ 

& 

z  2 

1  ,t!  j  1  1 

05 

u^3 

**• 

^5 

B 

-1-3 

< 

&c 

CM 

.S 

•aQay 

c3 

*s 

J 

s  cli 

-2 

< 

2  o  ^ 

c3 

S 
w 

?2?  =  = 

71 

•t 
S 

|5g 

'"'^ 

<£> 
^3 

49 

P 

O 

'-d 

S 

3 

X 

o 

.c  . 

cS 

§ 

r2 

"S 

bC'Ti 

£3 

S 

o 

'  H  f§    '  ^' 

•TfH 

Q 

^60        §2 

=2  a^  * 

^   4J  '43  ^  K^ 
§1^«^ 

IISpjIl 

Sf^OMH 

CO 

<D 
P 

| 

•••^sg 

l^  00  OS  O  I-H 
I—  1  I—  1 

^ 

^ 


82 


CO 
CO 

0 

^H 

W 

H 

5 

f^ 


SECTION  IV 
STEAM  BOILERS  AND  BOILER  MOUNTINGS 


86 


CO 

0 

^ 

W 

H 

<j 
h^ 

PH 


87 


CO 


1-1   1-1   T-t    7-1   CO 


&\ 

% 

< 

> 

Si 

g 

s  ' 

<1  i 
H  i 

H  ! 
f  | 
o  i 


•J3H 


O  i-i  CO  CO  •* 


a;  a 

11 

II 

r2       ^ 

3  o 

a  ° 

03     fl 

S.S 

SI 

^    cc 


25 

0 

r-H 

^6 

X 

X   ~ 

CO  CO  COCO  CO 

1  co  |  -;_ 

H 

X 

•aOHH 

j 

<3j 

i 

IIS 

TI 

5 

§          §    =i    S 

E  ~ 

s 

o    6^O 

^^ 



•-- 

03 

—  - 

E 

&c 

'1 

5 

56 
•  s    •    .    • 

cc 

Q 

Body  . 
Cover  and  St 
Gland  . 
Hand  Wheel 
Valve 

,,  Seatiuj 
Cross-bar  Nu 
Standards 
Hex.  Nuts  fo 

-.HawnN 

T-KMCO  *tf  1C 

5Of^CO  O5 

<D 

fl    C3 


O 


&JO 


ce  c  S 

^C3    o3  O5 

i— i  <D 

oT  ^  tMD 

1  "  p 

^  r^  02 

-— -   S3  CC 


S  fl     03  W) 

O  Tl    &  >-* 

«£3  ^  °  'S 

^  <*  -ri  t> 


3  § 

CO    § 

a^ 

c3    /^\ 


- 

05  "4 


sd 

&JO       bx 

CD  fl 


.-§  * 

j>  fl 

eg    <X> 


03 
M 
c8 


O 

CO 


o 

-u 

>:  ^ 

-i    aT 


a  « 


1 
.a          o 

c€  -43 

£> 

)^       ^ 


"11 


c3 
5-(    5-i 


PH 


J§   g 

IS 

I 


.3  £- 


- 


1 


a  ™ 

&'$£ 


^  °  a 

o_i    0)    c3 


r^^  ^  -^  O 

O)     bJD^  S-i 

O    p     c3  c3  <D 

03  ~^  r3  "co  ^ 

"    ^  ^  m  tUO 


I! 


rH 

,°°  a 

)  rl     CO 


II  j£  I 

^,    fl  e6    rj 

fl  aT'^  .§>  § 

CD  TJ     CO     03     ^ 


m     n  ^~H  .     S^ 


be 
fl 


O    ^X)  ^ 
^.TJ  '43    O 

Sill 


r^   r~^ 

i  i 
sw 


§ 


'  i 

"  co" 

CO 

EU   02  '" 

tri  "-H    ^   M   M 

I    b/D.2   J   ^ 
I.    p  •£    Pn    OH 

H-|  a  a  a 

LI    G    «    ^    ^ 
O    «    £{   S    3 

5zj  &^HH 


88 


oo 

CO 


H 

<J 

H-l 
PH 


89 


03  3     (S3  C8 

S  Pa?  -<-= 

02  ^03  g 

I  II  | 


CO  OJ  O  r-( 


PATTERN 
SI 


SO  I--  OO  "^ 

oooooo    It    .. 

^H  rH  rH      1     -In  X 


aaawnfj 


rH  rH  i-H  (M  <M  rH 


.g  -a 

a  -S 


"3 


d-g  n£  S 
2-2,«a  ^ 


§l 
11 


T3 

....It 

II 


r-j 


r-l  (M  CO  Tt<  *O  «O 


2 


d  bo  .  «« 


. 


r-5       <D 

^    ^  W    O  TJ 
(D  _D  "3    en    fl    ti     - 

&JD     :g  S  P        &c  d 

*f.st!£!!i 

I^iflli 

^f^lH^ 


•day 


-«llo  =  .StSSo3"^-gg) 
.ig5§---°l 


CD    0 


90 


CO 

0 


91 


§ 

6 

55a 

*1*                    ^ 

|l 

|      |     ^^    |    x        ^ 

^ 

o! 

•a9aM 

MHHWflN 

4 

^j    O          ^          O    Q2 

92 


H 

3 

PH 


<•£*******' 


•Jf    h-^t|^ 
4--    ^ 


93 


.^    C3  ,0    -      CD    0    bD     .    S 

-^        $  S    r^H        ?^        O       rfl       fj 

CD   o   re   fl^3   3-4^-^rr! 


>^ 

,n3 

ll 

-^    co 


S        ^3 


^g 


Hi 


ce^.2 

.2  -^  .2 

^      2 

>>•**  w> 

£'§    CD 

rj                 C8 

-inforced  b 
outside  of 
copper  rin 

S  ^ 

P4cp) 

x"  ^o 

O.S  ^3 
,fi  +3  *» 

ill 

0          5 
^           ^ 

H  >»& 

^—  ^  ^ 

S-sg 
-1-S 

s^.a 

b/D=3£ 

«4-(       ^ 
°^-2 

£3    _=  "Tn 

g.S- 
||| 

•3^ 

-^  "55    CD 

o  *  § 

•4=    tlD  « 

S  fl—  • 

bo'&'S 

d  S  ^ 

CW    _jj 

,-.  g  eg 

I'S  * 

•?-  o 

jTcD^ 

-s^- 
lg-si 

-J3    0) 

J^a 
•S^rtf 
A5  a 

O    cS    <B 

^^  a 

5l.-§ 

^  a-^ 

^i  *"•  > 

£  3  " 
<D^.§ 
.2  ^^ 

0    ^  ^ 

3^| 

l-f 

•S&3 

•s^l 

^H    3    co 

1^        KT 

c3    rj     O 

"CD   3   SH 

^  .-s  ^ 

03    Q 

isg.S 
I-M 

;n3 

^° 

O  <~O    o 

w. 

03  ^d  -2 

^    ??     O 
O    P^  53 

CD    ®    ® 

^^5 

a  ^-v 

.,-H     CD  .£H 

CO     rt     CD 

CO 

.     CO 

•S    s    tJD 

CD  5Ii-     . 

S  .2  ^S 

CO 

r^5                   fl 

-s^S 

•s^i 

O    cc  •*" 

t^T^r  ^ 

0    S    CD 

^  °  ^ 

.J-g-2 

III 

^    r-y       CC 

C3     P4 

s  >*  rt 

c3    c3    CD 
^H   •*=»     CD 
c3    ^    > 

-a^  S  ® 

-a®  §6 

al-s 

fl     0  rrt 

^    CD^ 

'^^    0    fl 

•^       -   CD 

^       EHCD 

1  ^  ^  T 

j  85  S 

s^  5P™  J 

8-s|s; 

8M|4 
».^.-s 

5  MSI 

*"   SP®   »- 

„,"  a  ^  >, 
a  3  g  J  2 
S  1  g"5- 

s!^S-s 


••  rt s. 


« 

o 

^-^ 


.t>H 


5  -3, 


^g 
J 


94 


a 


95 


oliil 

-2    CO    <D    PH  Q_ 


pq 
H 


c 

i  III 


O  <»  P 

pq  &C  3 

M  ^r-^ 

PH  -2  o 

^  53^'C) 

E"'  bn^    33    S 


I   3|S,s*J 
^  l^lsf- 

<?H  *"^    (X)   r— '    J3      C    ^M 


• 


a 


- 


S-i 

,2 


^tili;ll|J 


-2<»=    X 
Silts 


<! 


<8!i 


^cs    £ 


-g 


W> 

.s 

I 


f, 
r    t 


1 


. 


l 

s  § 


.g«a-  .2 


2  &c  sc 

ea  ^    C    C 


05      0 


^  c3 


pq  scf^ 

1 


96 


r-lr-lrHrHCqCOrHr-lrH' 


3  ' 


CM 


I 


3 

PH 


99 


« 
& 
A 

t-H 
O 

PQ 

H 
PQ 
P 
H 

P3 

g 

<! 


II 


CD  r^ 

a  g 

-  2 

o  | 


CC  ^     CO 
PJ  ,C6     03 

0    O- 


o       o 

co          p^ 

"3       *: 


-43        o 

^  <D 

03  5-i 


a   Js's    s 

W)  _     S     CO  CO 


f-l  .i5 


O  ;3  £ 
SAO 
02  ft  0 

~  S  S 
eg  ,0  c6 

«+-!       K^>    C/3 


a  =3  o  >*  a  s 
I's-SiTa-a 

-     tM  "H     >.  | — |     SH 

°     »"•§  & 

03    CD    «3      .    5£ 


=3         -M  ^    O 
^          cS    §    ft^J> 

W)          "flrrt     03    ^     g 


g 


5  gz  raa  p 

:MBI^ 


O       « 

1* 

M 

o 
p 

in 


III  I 

g«Bl 

«3    Q          c3 

"g  S^-^ 

S  J    C3    ° 

a  ^  a  ^ 

0)      O      r-j      CD 

So-gg^ 
o^^3  a 


'          o 

•„  os.a  §  si'- 
•§5|;a2a? 

g^S^.g^o 

CD     G     CD  --H     C3     CO     « 


rf 
,  a 
th 
h 
m 


e 


any  inte 
irder  (Q 
relieve 
ipe  (A), 
rnace,  r 
nstit 
passi 


+=       1*4 

CD 

.as 

^ 

leg 


co 
, 


l  gi 
nd 
pi 
fur 
nd 
tak 
t. 
a 


nd 

S) 


<J1    -*a      i=    -^  v_/ 

_g    c3  ^    O    bjO  ^  ^ 
43    CD  JD    g  "g    0    ^ 


i 


e 
a 
pt 
i 
s, 
l 


,0  _b    C 
02   S3  ~cf    c6 

gj  ^ 
I|8S 

Nil 

f^-0  o  ^ 

-1""1    O 
co  rrj     ,    Zg 

3  £  *  ® 


eclude 
a  steel 
orts,  a 
e  feed 
e  the 
ure,  a 
he  upt 
circuit 


p 
m 


§1 

MH!ji' 

3^   -S     CD  .3  -5     fl 

Bfg|-s»w8a 


15    | 

CD£       § 


r  that 
ed  f 
t  as 
hrou 
ing 
tem 
isin 
etin 
nd  c 
dru 


-^    CD    rt  "^  df  "75    S3 

l-i:?.j^sl 


^*"S    c6    03  ^Q    ^, 

S.a  to  g  ^^ 


e 


anne 
spend 
C)  act 
iler  th 
e,  b 
n 


.     «  ?-i    O 

.    w    „     ^     CO     P4  g    CO     CD     CD     c8 

l^^ifl^lll-a 

«3  j5  o  bjo  s3  i~~<  CD 

be  fl  |  r  ffl  "  "" 

S3    c3    S    < 


a 
ces 
om 
pid 
tea 


I 


•  £4  ^  ' 

3  CM  J  04  O« 


05*    p|    05    g 


I  2p  §  A 
i^Qcc^ 


100 


CO 

rh 

d 


101 


. 


?  8  § 
^  -u  <D 

§  £  o 


-a 

c3      . 


WATER-TUBE  BO 


UCKLING 


Tj          K*          _.          OX. 

T;  a  ^  9  fl 

l^'^l 

5*-S  "S  ,9  t, 

5  "§=3 

Sl|l^ 
s^^g-§ 

is^Sg 

S  a  %  1  '^ 

"     Q    TH     CO     Q 

ilfrh 


^J4    * 
S-ll 

'5  i^^- 

&ss 
'*>~* 

TJ     HJ 

SS| 

•1"! 


ro    CD 

•a.g 

^^ 
SS 

38 
S  S 

S"3 

p 

S3    (0 

as 
«S 


S  ^  «        «  *  ° 
S  ja  £  £  o  o  g 


1 
1 


211 


51 


hout 
ven. 


^^ 
M^ 
II 

II 


8 


°^ 

&C>-4 

G    O 

"S    S 

^^ 
rS'p 


Make 
ull  par 


Sl 


IS 


EXAMPLE 
not  be  shown, 


SECTION  V 

DETAILS  OF  AEROPLANE  ENGINES  AND 
MOTOR  VEHICLES 


104 


o 

fc 

W 


H      *- 


2 

PH 


105 


^' 

OS 

o 
6 
EM 
z  S 

%" 

sslrs     li 

X,H    fl« 

i  I  w  x^  x  !    as 

Xo  ^  co          S  £ 

I 

S 

*f  3         -- 

a, 

1—1       o 

EH 

sg  ' 

i—  li—  li—  tCCOOOOi—  1         rH 

rH 

gl 

« 

<          -3                1 

5            8    ...  .OQ   .       ~ 

- 

g           g   -       •  -2    - 

<                              ^ 

S                              S 

a 
^     "1 

...    ..-§    .-5       . 

&     2 

-—  53        T 

•  '  -Si  'I     ' 

5^'     ^ 

i        'ilJ 

1       "il|isr' 

1             -s^^^l^ 

•    •    '2-3^5  •'Szi 
Q                      o*  ?a  9  &  « 

Sss"oS=i| 

•sfli.fela^ 

4> 

ea 

«  H-I  ^  '-*-(        M51  ^, 

.JSB^jg  j-gS^ 

^w.gffi^S^g^ 

li^ltjll 

S  3  W  x  c  c»  ^     ^ 

£ 

tc 

.S 
^ 

1 

H 

U  u 

K  0 

a  S 

i-H  C<J  CO  •*  O  «  t>-        CO 

Ol 

S  3 

wz 

tf 

<c 
J 

{(I 


H 

<1 

H-3 
PH 


F=  -A-- 

*  --  -7e-  - 

•i-oii  -] 

Ool 

u% 

107 


0 


rf  I     S 


O         Oi        Oi  3^  Oi  Oi  O2  Ci 


aaawnjj 


OiOiOiCi        OiCiO^OiOiC^ 


•aaawnfj 


J 


rd*£ 
CD    O 


O    03 

§-2 

3     CD 


co  •*=» 
"S    ® 

ai 
1-s 


I 


H    CD 
CD    g3 


H3 

js 

CD 


•S  51 


If 

be  53 
.S  £ 


rT*  r^  Cu  rO 
O  *~  .S 
co  d  co 


^e3     t>    £ 


CO 

r-l       r^ 

CQ     M 
S^ 


S  «  ^^  a 


>^S8 


^SD^43 


°"^ 

c^J 


c3  -S 


§1 
s'-s  * 


CD  ">  fl       •  "5  "^ 

a  o    §  g^  s 


a  6ba 
^d.2  >< 

O    ^  pc^ 

>n     Go      _ 


ga 


05-! 


-s  6 


^    tn   co    bJO 

I  o^  i  «  <e 

•^  f^"-1  ca  >  « 

a  ^ o  fl °^ 

o  o  -  --1  s 


«r§ 


s  ®.a  s-^^ 


^.•S 


&-J3 

9">< 


§^ ji  o  &c 

H'llsSH'i 

g  ^^  I  ^§^^  1^ 

^    >    CD    ^-^  ^    ^  oa  43 

a^affB-aCtT! 


CO     CD 
1-1     CO 


o  a 


Iff 


^i  CD 
cS  O 
ft  =3 


a 


-5 
co    O 

&     CD 

si 


4S  -»=    5 

tuo*4-,  n 


CD  <D 

'ft        5 


S  w 

S    S3 

e3 


^  - 
J  ^ 
PL.  Pn 

<1  <J 
X  M 
^S 


108 


6 
^ 

W 


PH 


109 


eS       44 

'•3  bc.2 

S3  .a 
co   0^3 

lie 

III 

S     S5 


.2 


!      I 


I 


l-g-33      ^     I      « 

&.-§:s:s    •§    s    ^ 


-  «|SS    r 


*a 

So 
^_^ 


15 


^2 


«     S 


5  PM 


s 


§1 


•H3H 


CO         COW 


0 

Z  a 


§'H!  15 

r-!  ?X  ^  ~*  ^.-t 


^      -§ 


£     S 


5     SF 


g       gJ      bo 
•3     -2     ^ 

css  I  I  a   s   ^ 


aaawnfj 


1 33 

^ 


<J  " 


110 


1 


&JD       tj 


2- 


^  lie    I 


g     ^IH     S 


a 


§.2 

o  ' 


W  .fc    t>0 

i^5  tuD  £3 

^  <D  J-" 

H  ^ 


S 
^ 
<I 
^ 
P4 

§ 

13 
<l 


PUMP  FOR 


«w  -2-  ,c 

5-1  SM  -I-H  88     d    S  03          -4-3     O  •—  ' 


o    c* 


i  . 

^8  o  *s"§  I^S^  A°1^a 

-^rH     05    ^^g     g    ^^     >    8^^^-^ 


' 


i 
a 
a 


-  3  -2  H 
•3<  ^^ 

•*=        d   a 


k 


8. 


a 


112 


U gg 


09 *| 


113 


£  M 


JgJ 


. 


it!! 


ii 


<N!Ml-lr-ICM<Mi-ir-H<M  <M          <M          <M  <M  (M  r-f         l-H 


||||| 

ill  is 


3  3^3 


a      2          ca      02 


O 


a    1    1 


_•       ?H      CM        *    *    •    *     S3 
3      ^  bo  ?S 

5   I    II  'iff '   S 


o 

22,     8 


5|*  is  1 

ffriirtlfl  S  s 

«    S    =8  Sp^P-cSP-iSg-gcS         "  Pn 


ge. 


•& 

a 


t^OOOSOrHIMCO^iO  ?O         1^         CO  Oi  O 

C<l         C<I         (MCO         CO         CO        CO         CO         CO  CO        CO        COCO-rtl 


CO  ^ 


'llpi 


Sr^      rj  -^ 

-      -t-a    «          "73 

5b 


'li1 


i-t  rH  CM          C<l  Tf  (M 


II  I     I 


-2 
'&       '    S' 

a 


.ta 


lit 


•§.    •  I   ^ 

p«      5    I 

8*3      >,»     4 


'I0 


"a^lg    gJJB-S   |    11  M.- 

J^       J>  |^       ^        PQ  pV-l        j^        (^  ^  fXj 


-    °  ^"    ^  fH 

a  ^«  *s    ..9 


„ 

Washer 


&•% 
1^ 
a^3 

ri  "~; 

If 

^6 


OOOi         O 


114 


H 

fc 
i— i 

O 
£ 
F3 

H 
5zj 

<H 
^ 
PH 

i 

H 
<l 

« 

S 

PH 

P 

P^ 


2j||o^ 

g^^SisJ 


-- 


o 
c<T 


the 


ch 


-ai  ^-3  •g^S«ffl«poS>      s 
•^  .s  «  S  8  «  A  a  s  .s  o  '43  s      ° 

«4H..Xt«oW)§S^Sc8®  ^ 


§0 

fl 

I 

•45 

bJO 

a 

'-S 

o 

i— i 

'cS 
03 


s    ^ 


be 
a 

"-S 
i'- 

^    pi 

p^J° 

J3    co 

I  8 

^g 

ij 


arrangement 
thicknesses  to 


> 


I.5J8J* 


5 


l§1ll|Se}^il    g 


|fl!|^lMll 
I*  S  *  -a  8    - — -    M  ° 


I 


•J 

•'-^ 


CO 


116 


00 


I 


r        ) 

3 


117 


w 


P 

^ 

Q 

« 
<1 
O 


a 


Wl-w 


i-i  CNJ 


cc-*»oco 

CNCNCMCN 


aaawnfj 


rH  rH  CO  CO  OO  «O         «O  CO  r-l         ,-H  rH         «O  <N         i-H 


I 


..,. 


fe     W     Ob     Wfi 


r-((MCOTj<iO«O 


CO        OS        Oi-l        (MCOrHiO 


d  "-1 
<D  6.t3 

_c!  cc 


-+3 


CD    CD 

;  i || I! 

1  Kit 

.xi  o  s  a 


-      ^^  I     K^     CO  •»        K^J 

^^^^go^^ 

"3- §  "«*» 
3  ^  S"  S  if 

WH,  O<  <5  .„ 

Mc3-gg< 

g-Sfl1! 

5l|lgi 

^1^1- 

- grfs  &  & 

.-     *-l  CU  JM   ^T    rt 

<113PH    P    >&    *    £ 

>•  9       J3  en 


sh 


in 


118 


li 


r>  |  c_) 


0     CD     CD  CD 

n3   ^  ""3 

CO    ft  rj 

x  ^  — ' 

m  a  cd  a 


S 


05 

cxf 

r-i 


"s     y 


co  ^3 


fl*»    WOO 


CD   o  -r; 


. 

-t2 

^-  ^      -D 


p 

O 


^  JS  a 

«  ^'« 

M  ^    CD 

^=<  *??(-" 


„; 

- 


fljf|^IJJ8JS 


s 

I 


S 


o  .     o 


\J  U>       ZL      M 

•S.S        -§H-J 


120 


121 


No 
E. 


a  .a 


r. 


II 

srk-          —  ED 

'Si   ss 

fr  OS   ft 

i~     -Is 


x  x  x» 

QOOOOO 


co      S: 


aaawnfj 


1— t          T— I  CO  CO  I—I  I— I  r-H 


i-H         CO         CO        CO         CO        r-4         CO  i-H 


•jay 


I    g«l-< 


I  I1 


02     ^    ^ 
T3 


g  Stee 


Spr 


3>     5 

S    ^    s2 


£ 


^  I  I  I 

5P    >-H     ^      ^ 


SJ"8  =|^g   -~    |, 

1^3  J^|    I    Ii 

O      PQ      O      02      CQ      Q 


>  ^S 
S'l  be' 


2  ^  .3 

°  -  -•> 

02  »> 

'  «  -    ~3 

*  ""I 


O        PH        O 


O  rH  CO          00 


S    S 


iO 


OS        O         t— I  CO  CO  ^  IO  «O  t*»  OO  OS 

LO         SO         SO  SO  CO  'X)  SO  «O  CO  5O  «O 


aaawntj 


'aaawnw     vo      cot—      ooos      OI-H 

-^^  MM         CO  CO         CO  CO         CO  CO 


122 


G 

1 


1 


o    * 

PQ      g 


o  S 

•S£ 


•+= 

•s.s 

a  m 


02     CD 

G- 
'S    CO 

S^G 
+=> 


g 


irT   03  •j-' 

^5.-^^d 


QJ  «3 

i— i          <-5 


.S 

2 


a 


i 

t4_| 

O 

5  ^ 

CD  • — i 

CD  CD 


o 


~  G 


rrt        CD 

c3       "Si) 
-      G 


i  J 


s 
a 


a 
«  * 

a  'g 

®       CO 

ff  1 


oq 


O        c8 
S      ^ 


o    .2 


O 


s  I 

a  a 

c3 

S_i 

O 


Ss 
21 

I 


^       M 

I    a 


> 


" 


co     ^ 

00       00 


w   H 


H 
J      . 

S  a 

S  p, 

M  «: 


124 


o 
»o 

6 


125 


SECTION  VI 
ELECTKICAL  ENGINEEBING 


128 


129 


1'      &       - 


S 


2    12 
*    l« 


poles) 
Hex.  Hd. 
commuta 
Positive  Lo 
Cheese  Hd. 
shoes) 
Eye  Bolts  .... 
Hex.  Hd.  Bolts  and  Nuts  (fix 
ing  item  1  to  item  2) 
Hex.  Hd.  Set  Screws  . 
Steady  Pins  .... 
Liners  for  Feet 


T—  1  (N        CO  •*& 


,-,  r-,  sw^^  ^S22 


•ana 


130 


o3 
M 

O 


«  J 

§  3 


03 

J-i  <D 

^  *  a 

1  U 


aa 

2-S 


i 


g     I 


Jz; 
O 
<1 

a 


H 


fc4 


o  9  fe  "-  '  ji 

"1 


CO    03 


aw  —  d    ® 
03    O    &    H    g 


a  d 
HI 

OS'S 


.3       ^S 


r^     0 

too  o 


ii 

c3'4 


P^     H 

I  "^ 

8  f 
la 


O  » 

I  8 

03  of 

I  i 

CO  <^-t 

O  ,2 

w>  S 

C3 

1  I 

r^  O 

too  50 

.s  .s 


g  rS 

c3  ^ 

CD  <D 

I  I 

i  i 

t^  CO 

CO  CO 

W  H 

^  ^ 


11    I 

S-i     CO  «S 


2 


132 


CM 

10 


7 


VQ 


'9—* 


4 

-w 

4 


~* 


JN 


T 


l,s- 


1LI 


w 


'io|«0 
cO 


'KH 

« 


-CTf^1 '? 
r      hi 


133 


*M 


•J          x  x  x  x 
S          x  x  x  x 


M  3  5     <«   s  s 

!    l^ll- 


ommutator 
r  mature  Hub 

-I 

~"PH 

a 

'£  ^  S 


bo 

$4 

I 

£ 


he 


vu 

2-^ 

43  -*=» 
•*=»    - 


bC 

c6 
O 

c3 

a 
>> 

ft 


o 
p 

2 

2 
O 

O 


QQ 

^d 

G 


<D  -u 

O  § 

Q  'I 

42  JJJ 

w  .a 

2  5 
p 

^ 


Q 


fl.ss 


bo 

p 

•g 
o 


1 


^SQZ'sr-Z     o| 

rr-<     9  4n     <U      „     O  "  L»«*-I  CO     C3 


B 


<P 

43 


o  '-d  - 

O  -r<  X. 


1 


I* 


fe   *      P4  M 

§rss«:.a 


-i     »3 

XI  -+3 

p 

rj  t-!» 


° 


«*-.  o 


p 


134 


CO 

0 
£ 


135 


acwco      £   ffi 


c3  [>-       rq 

Hi1;  I  ^ 

*a  g 


2       H    W  O 

|  ,§  8  <* 

&      +=  x— '10 


M    •**•«—    -r-1  __(       f>       ^ 

88,1 1«»|| 

53'~'<D>aSflrtfl§a3^'^ 


'fl  SH.S 

^  A          Jd 


P^ 

O 

o 


136 


137 


fl         O 


s  • 


.s    s  :.a 


•any 


" 


r 

O  ——-i 


>5      ^5 


"  1    89 
H  "2 


rH  (N  CO  Tt<  US  «O  t—        OO 


"•B  §  £  <D  g  S"*"1  o 

0-2  =3^  g^  ^ 
.2.9 


J 

. .  w       a 

-.|gli 

J  20.^1^  * 


a  "5  8  A"S    , 

O    fl    «3    ^  O    Q 

9  o  &  3  5P  8P 


X5  d  ce  -7; 

ffiri1  .s 

•_^    R    eg    c3  g 

1    a5  O 


&JD 
.S 

^O 

2 


1 


.GO  MOU''  /iA«5CO(i' 


- 
05    0^^    SJ^^'O  ^    S    <D 


s  £ 

O   ^ 


co    o 


rcJ     O     03 

d        rt3 

^J       £_i    »^-t 


^  1 


2  »  i* 
§§» 


O     03 


C4H 


^H 

Ci 
SH 
O 

CO 
C5 


-ra'rrt  tic 


®'3  S^°'^ 
^^  S  ^  o  § 

rn  "S    CD   -^  J-! 


•M    0)    S 

o  a  •< 


•S&r 


138 


H 
<j 

H-l 

PH 


f 

i 

© 

— 

*>Nij.voo 

!'-* 

3i 

T 

-  -!W 

_, 

139 


fl 

oT  ^ 

o 

c.a 

"•+= 
c3 

5  ^ 

5-1 

••§  g 

i-> 

O  T3 

ca 

r^^ 

XI 

t^O0 

rj    J-i 

c3 

.in   CD 

<D 

r«n3 

f-l        rH 

bJD 

0    0 

p. 

^    bJD 

"IE 

rH  a 

B 

rd 

11 

OC 

'o 

c 

•2  ti~* 

1 

0 

CD 

Ifi 

£ 

-4-3 

cS 

Ij 

fl 

-*    c8 

O 

^^Pn 

CD 

<D 

•73 

c3 

a 

^    <D 

1^ 

CD    fl 

cc 

CO    o 

fl 

CO 

.2 

cS  TH 

'•+£» 

c3 

5  a 

rH 

^     <D 

CD 

^f 

^ 

CD    O 

&JD 

fj     CO 

C3 

^    ^ 

12 
§ 

•a.g 

cyo^ 

w 

2 

.2  g 

5-S 

°0 

'B 

o  0 

^a 

rC!           . 

oT  S 

N   ^ 

l^D 
"S 

"53  tuo 

c3^ 

11 

P 

bB  P-i 

fl     CO 

^  rr^J 

co    f3 

r»       rH 

.  o 

^  n^ 

<D 

nd  T3 
^  CD 


<D 

.1? 


2 


iu 


a 

o 
o 

W) 


P-  t>  S  r-5        O  «» 

,0      ^       5    .^o  CD      ^ 


CO  ^ 

.a    3 


PH  2    O    O  -&    en  ^ 

"    i-r^^    CD^  | 

y|83"^§  1 

«0     S     ftr3    Q  ^  oT 

«     >»  ft  g  r^     <D  rrj 

«3  ^  "-+3    aj    fl  "«  O 

03  1-1   ^  -rn   CD   ^)  cs 

^   d  .15  Xi  X!   g  ^ 

•Jilfi  i 

45 


140 


CO 

to 

0 


141 


142 


^§u 


W 
H 


Haawnfj 


r-<  rH  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CD  «O     |    t-l  rH  i-H  (N  i-H 


. 
1  11 


"  .   a  s  if 

J^s  =51 
till  =il 


ip|i 


&n  03 
a  bj° 

•i-§ 

3  ^ 
Jg 


s 


Is 


"S 


143 

?-4    ^  * 

Q}  -^[r/j^^ 

•s  "^S 

111 

0    &£)oo 

rS     fl  ^4^ 

IK 

°P 

.    >    S3 


• 


ll 


0 

6 

*B 
Z  N 

%$ 

I 


x  x 


i— IC<lC<li— (COr- (T— li— Ir— I         i— I         i— I         T— I  i— I 


.1 
"  1 


> 


•» 


OO  O5  O  »H  (?q  CO -^  iO  ?O        t^        OO        OiO 
r— I  r-l  r— (  r-l  r-l  r-l  T— I         i— (         i— I         i— I  (N 


0     8 


-, 


-cpajoaj^oj 
ce  flfT:JS  g  £f&a>  fl-S^.3 


^^ 


i 


i 


144 


145 


* 


<M  <N  N  (M  rH  (N  r-l 


S1® 
-*>§  -S 


.... 

ngs  for  Wipers  . 
ded  Screws 
ins  for  Oil-ring  Cover 
,,  Oil-box  Cover 
Cover 
„  ... 


Oil  Wi 
Keep 
Cup-he 
Hinge  Pi 
,, 
Oil-ring 
Oil-box 


t^-OOOiO  T-H  (NCO 


r 


r-l         r-l  r-l  i-H  rH  (M 


hal 


. 
h  (upp 
(low 
wide) 


ram 
ing 
Cap 
Cap 
Bus 
„ 
gs  (£ 


ing 
for 
ing 

Ri 


End 
H 
Bea 
Peg 
Bea 

Oil 


•aaawnu    •-< 


10 


-«    >>&--= 


^H    (I,    O 


sissies, 


146 


147 


x     *- 


i  ill 

£  I  "s  I  ^ 


O         rH  (M        CO  ^ 


Is 

N 

o- 


o  p 

II 


Ec-~      'S      I 


^J 


aaawnjj 


N 


02 

H  ^ 

.2  &      S 


„  • 


H  ^3 

23 
o 

W^ 


ll 


1        fr   1 


SECTION  VII 
HYDRAULIC  ENGINEERING 


o 

CO 


w 


151 


1  I 

2  £ 

3  g 


« 

,s 
.'$ 


W 

J 
<3 
t> 

PM 

8 

02 


Q      - 

3 

P 

<d 

P3 
Q 
PH 

w 


.2?° 


CO     " 


uriri 


K 

0 

6 
Kg 

asvo 

8» 

r^oo  oso  i-i  ,2 

O  O  O  i—  i  i—  ' 

co  co  co  co  co  fnbe 

"g 

| 

53 

•a53}j 

aaawn^ 

1 

^  r-(  rH  ^H  rH  r-l 

(M 

c^i 

J 

< 

111? 

'1 

u 

^^                Vt             *.       QQ          ^ 

^ 

§      S         ^(i 

i  S 

s 

o    g        Sp 

* 

f             ? 

-3              ^ 

55 

o                 5? 

O 

&••••& 

" 

£ 
1 

^1      1 
21  "! 

"3 

s 

s 

i  .  .  -|— 
>  "^«i 

»    ^  9-«  rt 

1  ^l££ 

3 
^i 
.0 

1 

t/2 

•uaawngNJ—  «^oo      - 

812 


II 


|1 
1! 
- 


, 


-3 


<D  ."    <D 

•3°1 

O^         O 


-s.a  8 

!33> 

.a  ®  "3 


5 


.a 


•§.2      "o 

03  ^"  -Q 

"  g^^ 
fl  5-5 


,         - 

, 


- 


,0  ® 


CO 

6 


153 


en 


8 

CM 


§ 

6 

4* 

&M 
z  2 

gCfl 

«D  b~  QO 
IOIOO     !      1 
r»<  •<*  T*     1      1 

r-t  r-t  r-t 

'111 

£ 

^^ 

< 

00^ 

a 

«l 

Z  £ 

1—  (i—  (rH^OOTjHTjHrHi—  1 

s  5 

D  O» 

*£ 

J 

< 

s         'S 
2        3 

Jfe 

2 

M     ^    -02     .. 

^3 

El 

•S  "  "2  = 

2  § 

< 

«8              ^3 

*  J 

5 

0      s 

OM 

'1    '    ' 

a 

§ 

?! 

£ 

ft 

1 

'  §  '"§ 

H 

a 

ftS«     ^ 

=il 

MIIJI 

c8.5 

S^  = 

nils 

£3loS 

s«  s 

S^ 
fi& 

H 

i| 

rHCNCO-^»O«Ot>-COOJ 

g£ 

£  3 

WZ 

a 

I  I  11 


%T%; 
i-ii  § 
§  °  §m> 

M'  2  03 

w  §^^ 


<% 
H 


154 


Sv| 

CD 

6 
& 

W 

H 

h-q 
P* 


•31 

EH  .3 


a  gs 

O     r 


o   ^ 


155 


w 

3 
P 

pd 
Q 


§ 

p  _ 

2      M 

§«o 

rH  rH 

a! 

K,§ 

§* 

s  S 

rH  i—  1 

D  a 

*£ 

J 

ft 

0 

1 

A      „ 

r 

z 

^  • 

03 
•g 

0 
H 

a, 

1     ' 

2 

12    • 

1 

S 

»T3 

II 

§S 
o 

£o 

H 

Z   « 

a  a 

w  S 

O  rH 

rH  i—  1 

(b  3 

.a 

ffj 


^S  j  Q 

a,!5 


o  a 
-d  £P 

05     > 


O 

H 

O 

O 


3      _i      yj 

lit 
Il§ 

P*      ^- 

^  >-d 
a 


3- 1 

?II 

•d  r^     J3 

BS§ 


05     g 
-2     g3 


21  & 


<      i-^ 

B-ll 


SEH  co 

^          c3 

!§! 


d  d 
o  o 

c3  | 
r^  O 
eg  co 

r^     O3 

g^g  §) 

-*j  eg 

&  r§  ^ 

>  &D 

•rH        CD        G 


156 


CO 
CO 


K-l 

Pn 


157 


O 

6  ^ 

s! 


<M(N  C<J       CNOO       00  rH 


i.ll 


OOOiO         r-t  C<I         CO-* 


rH  rH  CO 


1  | 

rH  ^W  ^HHCC 

"8  "^  ""S^ 

3  1      51 


0  »H 


fcuD      ""O    '-t 

.S      ££ 

fl  9  rr! 


I  Si  ! 

CO  "^      >-3  -r3 

a 


Occ 


03          |— j   -»-=> 

5      §  § 


W  03  rrt 

1  la 


^3    CD  r^  W)  §    03 

£X     JS    r-^       C!       W     -+J 


"S    £    ^^'ft 

r§  S-§1  a 


Hta  „   .SP   * 


o  o.Srq^ 

03    O     >> 


. 
'§  a 


I 

^ 

&JO 


O 
^ 
00 


co 

. 


03     9     r*     03 

"3      'So 


-a 


75,r2 

-H-.  ~^03 


J 


03    {? 

3  ^ 

-     03 


-     -  W) 

's  s    .a 


03    c3 

as 


s 

•I 

I 

r-H       fH     -^      CO 


(SI 

q 

a 

bo 
.3  O  02  '  03 

£ 

c2 

F_i 
rtj 


2  "*   03   q 

P-(  03  [2     ^ 

_^  ^O  'co    ^i 


§l^§ 


S  2       _o 

Q}      M      ^*   *"^ 

03     O     §"3 
bC  fl    c8    c3 

Ii|l 


33 


^     ^S 


O 


§0 


158 


H 
<j 

h^ 

PH 


159 


PU 

S 
P 

PH 

a 

<J 

PH 

W 
^ 
O 
{ZI 

a 


OJ  C^  C<l  CO  CO  CO 


ss 

§5 

I 


i—  ll—  IrHtN         OQ  i—  1  i—  1  i—  1  i—  1          i—  1  i—  < 


.     .  . 


lO«Or>-QO        O5Oi-H(MCO 
i-Hi-lr-1,-1         rH(M(NCNCN 


I 

o 
o 


CUD 


^  P4 


-:i 

as 

II 

•-d  r3 

Iff 

|2 

^^ 

'J 

o> 


"H       rt       ^j£)    H 

o  .a  CD  js 
-g  °  ^-3^ 

IIJ^- 


aP3        *  W     •  W 

»«<!& 


p  .a  •»  ^  r^ 


a  -~  j  £ 

O    <-i  CD 

+-.S     CD^3 


6  2 


-       fl 


^rH  C£> 


CD    P^     r 
H    >    rj  CO 


160 


161 


a      c 
J2  §,2  § 


<o  £  <o  £  o> 

JljJj 


BE 
IRE 


s. 


(M  r-t  rH  CO  r 


a 

J 

2 

< 

is 

s 

^                        PH 

g>  -   -  -  1 

s 

S 

z" 

S 

5 

3 

u 
O 

I  ,  =  :  = 

S 

"eg    *•  -  ^  - 

^ 

u 
IS 

gss 

sggss 

Sa 
JBS 

a>   fl   fl 


8  "tj  -g 

_S  fl  c  £  E2 
^J  *-S'« 

11511 


xv 


nd 
p 

M 

CO 

^3 

OJ 

J3 
-+u 

c5 

CD 

a 

CO 

^H 

o 

> 

d 

S 

0 

nd 

O) 

^ 

2 

<p 

1 

"S 
a 

tl 

0 

1 

s 
^ 

o 

s 

CO 

o 

p 

6 

4^> 

z 

0 

1 

cr. 

S 

2. 

ill 

^F!-0'    -S 


> 


a 


g 


l-s 


11 


162 


PATTERN  N< 
SIZE. 


o 


3  a 


163 


a 

pq 

o 


a 


.  a-i 


B  M 

^^1 


C8    O 


164 


165 


I 
§ 


.     § 
£.2 

II 


£ 
<J 

I 

<J 
o 

o 


p 

« 

I 


ft 

P3 
<1 
J 
J 
O 
PQ 

c=f 

^ 

^ 

PH 

O 
^ 


J 
O 
> 

5 


ll.fi 


I 

si 

BZ 


O 


li 


CD    O  CO 
J5  4^    O 


-S 
c3    c3 


...   o  a> 

4?     fl. 


42    03 


8 


3    CD 


s 


'^   c 
O    Q 


.3    O 

r^    43 

SH     CC 


f  II 
"3H  a 
• 


PL, 
O 


166 


8 

a, 


167 


x  1   I   I   I  *x  I   IM   I5*x  I 


T-HrH^-lr-lrH^-lrHrH(MrH(MlM?M<MC<|(M(Ml-ll-l<M(Ml-<r-l 


8-3 

~3 


S 

'§3 


•t^  Cj 


M  0 


flS   g 


«4-t  ® 


II  s 


c3  ^ 
-  O 


Q.2 


g-3 


£ 
o 


I 


9-  a 


8?5 

l!  i 

HH        S 
*0  '"^ 


•-d 
d 


<»  -*=       ^ 


rl         c3  ^ 

§  A    -g 


<J  c8 
«  ^ 
H  8 


5»  <» 

d 

c3 


168 


169 


be- 

a 


E 

<1 

O 

0 


ft 

PH 
W 

PH 


Pn 
PH 
< 
O 

ft 


PH 


SM 

I 


-     ,  •«  g     -    >. 

coco  X^H    1  co  co  co  x°**  1  55 


si 


I  f 


.2  « 
fc  £, 


- 

^  «  0^Qfe 


|.2 

5 


ssr 


TO 

s 
J 

CIO 

fl 

I 

3 

CD 


CD    a) 

II 

13  -^ 
•S^ 


^3    o 

9 1 
II 


^ 

S 


S.| 

111 


bjo 


OQ    .a 


0 


M     2  *     rn     CD 

£  §  S  §1 

c8  "-la  'Ta  '-+3 

"SJ    c3  v.3    c3    fl 

^    >  ^    >    O 

CD  |      CD 

'.  ""CD  I  'oj   CD 

s  I  ill 

si  sll 

?J     fl  PH  ^   -S 


H-a    so 


170 


s.  i     t     :rfri1 

I  -s  r  ^ — ^.l^L  i 

*i  «-i 


CD 


171 


H 
c£ 

CH 

d 

I 

P 
<1 
PH 


w 

PH 

O 

PH 

PH 
S 

P 


-c  M 
*  2 

MM 


PATTERN  No 
SIZE. 


1 1 


il 


•  •s§ss^s 

353    pffiig    £    g    1 


rH 
t— 


OOOsOi—  (rH 
i-H  S  C^  C^  S 


-^k^^ot^-oC 
>  '-'  (^  (N  SO  CN 

« 


" 


r-lCO  CO  CO  CO 


4 

5 

CD 

si 

-  -  -     "5? 

3 

O 

0 

?l 

9  ja 


I 


CD 
,£3 


0) 

43 


O 

,-C 


CD 

d 
O 

s 

g 


•dan 


co^ir: 
«o«o«o 


a 

'PH 
O 

fl 


rT    '5b 


r-i 


..  CD 

CO  , — i 

S  £3 

CD  9 


be 

fl 

1 


s  ^ 

5   GO 

=4-1 

o 

13  -§ 


«~  s 
°   8 


r-H         "-*=      ^ 

Jl    "o  'S 

I     b€fl 

G    O 


PH 


O) 

^r 

43 

§ 


a   -s 


PH  ° 

CO  ^ 

co  «8 

CD  fi 

-a 


»0 


herwi 


CD 

I 


CO    >< 

cq  CD 


PH^fl 

03    CD 


. 

«  £ 

• 


S 

SC 


•73 

CD 


.n     CD 

^     ^ 
c3    CD 


"3  «« 
I  .2 

'.  '45 
iO    c3 

cq  >• 

^^ 


12 


.    CD 

cq  £ 


PH    w 

II 
S  a 

I 
5b 


CD 

S 

£ 


172 


SECTION  VIII 
MACHINE  TOOLS  AND  JIGS 


176 


177 


S.9  k.S 
>  •    d 


A      o 

§  « 

o      ^ 
1 

O3 

;Z2  <D 

i' 


O 
^ 
03 


00          rg 

«*-•       d 


o 
^ 


SHELL-ENDING  LATHE 


ao 

1   JT 


-3 


.00    g 


,-  - 
§13 


•§ 


ill 


cc   CD 

11 


.  - 


s  ?g  a  g  ^    'i^V.^ 


"S  d 


. 
a  §  S  i  ?|e-s  g 


I^' 

03 


CO 

t^ 

0 

fc 

W 
H 

<! 
H^ 

P-i 


179 


O 

£ 
i  —  i 

ft 


CO 

PH 

g 


13 


o 

*,* 

B« 


22  x     :1S  X02 


o  «  o      _» 
..    .^02M     .S 


-  3  a    H 


i       . 

0     W 


lOi»r—  OOOSOi-l 


bD 
"-2 


g.2 


02 
o 


O  o  ® 
g  ce^ 

<D     CO   U5|00 

°Js 


O        rH 


bJO    M 
•§       « 


P  -S 

^  a 

J  bJD 

rS  | 

1  I 


)-    a 


oo 


o  ^ 

5 1 


H  H 
^  J 
-  - 


X       ><! 


180 


bo 

.S 
13 

o 

!, 


181 


W 
EH 


O 

pq 
o" 

FH 
S 

Q 

H 
PQ 

fr 
O 

CQ 


o|j 

.OrHWWo!^, 


K  O 

a  w 

oo  £ 

S  3 

a  o 


rH  rH  <N  rH  <N  C<l  **  i-H  ••*  rH  i-i  i-H     | 


U   W 

K   D 

SI 


I  Jlllll  Jll 


S    s 
•«  -|| 

^  .s  i 


^ 
s 

o 

53 


S 

EM 


tiD 
•  S 

1 

sf 
o 


CO  fl     ^ 

CO  O    £ 

rH         >J    O 


182 


o 

fc 


183 


GQ 


S 


Q 


GQ 


"o       **,  M>      ^s^ 


X  X 


(MrH         CN<MrHrH         rH  rH         rH 


D  cC 

•*-»       •+•? 


fi   &   § 


2    3 


2-1 


«  "g  6    6  1 

«  —  g    PH  g          S        ^ 

^'3=*-   OT  02       OJ       ^ 

1-S   ^^  «>        g>      ffi 

M|B  -s  3   >< 

fea«^  I      -3      .« 


Sc 


!M 

~fH          J          £ 


l|.f|g*     *     * 
fc<S  2  IS  S^W«  S! 

|a|iillBll 

i— 4  E"1 


•3       o>  S 

I    W§    ^ 

>     -^  -  g 

I    ^    g 
jg-a  -^ 

S  3S   . 

»    «S-SW 
I   °!£l£ 

i^RS^I 

ssgi 
w    wa 


p       o> 

PJ 


58 


OiO          rH  I 


XX 


§     +,£S 

A  =-af  s 
1  Sis 


•3 

.1 


S?  =- 


f«*  •§» 

*ii  ai  i  *j  in 


•2 

08 

88 
§5 
S 
§3" 


o  •- 


-S  « 


." 

CO  TJ 


as 


Ic5     § 


S 


184 


185 


w 

CO 


O 
fe 

PH 
<1 
3 
O 

O 
5ZJ 

P 

a 

Q 

Q 


o 
P 

W 
o 


CO 

pq 
O 

CO 


I 


r 


irtr  ss-        s 


"**  00  «H 
H 


£  = 
I 

'5  & 


is 


•dan 


iw-gs,  s  i., 

.2  5     .5      2         ^ 


ft    ft          t          ft 


^     H*         ^ 


»  a?  ^>  oj  o  <u  ^ 
!O2  S^A   §  CO 


•jay 


OO  O5  O  r—  1  CN  CO 
O  O  "-0  CO  ?O  CO 


SO 

fl 


c3    O 

I     * 

1.5 


>0 
CO 


\^/  ^*^ 

^  1 

1  a 

o 


W) 
S 

1 

^ 


186 


1^ 
t^. 


=•  ^t--^ 


i 


si 


V-il    fi.l 


< 
x 


?* 


i  2 

cT  & 
5  ^ 

"z  J 
.£  ^ 


?      1 


- 

' 


-  £ 


-Z 


167 


2  ? 


189 


P^_       0° 

s    . "" 


2      ^ 


£ 
o  2 


d       % 

•  i-«  CO 

CD 

£  O 

r*       rg 


S      "£.22 


'S 


1§ 


fl 
.2° 

'co 
CD 
"-O 


o 
bo 


S 

^ 

5 

o 
<1 

^H 

o 

^ 

i— i 


PIPE 


L^  F*4'«H       Q 


SC 


1 

f 


60 


-  a 


1  1 


<:rcD5cD<i>cD±;        •^"'ca 

.9    ^  fl    f^H    T3  ^    r2 


111 


CD 

1 


CD 

- 

CD 
1 


CD    CD 


. 

S*'«'-***- 


.S 


-   a  ° 

fcs-j    O    CD 


_ 

ajj 


<!    fl  1 
X    0    fl 


;>    co 

•la 


D^    CD 


<2    CD 


S, 


191 


CD 
XI 


IS  "S 

£3  c3 

c3  & 

I  I 


fc£> 

P 


CD  • 

>  m 

CD  £ 

•5  o 


§  A  ^ 

|oo-2 

bO 

§"d  § 
^  .2  "•*= 
c3  £  CD 
CD  g.bl 


iS, 

rH     CD 

CO  XI 


^ 


P3 

£ 

i— i 

w 

o 

<3 
a 


03 

X! 


P       rg 

pq     " 
PQ      § 


O 
X 

S 

S 
o 


o 

CD 

XI 


S3        53 

I    .s< 


& 


CD 
X! 


bD 

a 


CD 

X) 


G          ^ 

o     .2 

'i  •§ 


CD 

X! 


§       o 

Co  '^J 

x? 

I.   2 


t«I 


.2    0 

1*3 

*    « 
O    o 

CO  .i^ 

13  "S 

2.1 


' 


*  a 

CO     CD 
S-l      M 

11 


I 

CD  ce 
j^   > 

•4=     CD 

•g-3 

CD  ^0 


35 


^Xl    CD 

o^  "^  rc5 

f4     02 
fl     O     O) 

^    S3ffl.2 
CD          +=> 

{>  CO 

"bb      o 


S  8 

0  5 

CD    CD 


1° 

.'.    CD 
co.C 

.2^ 

bJD  S3 

.2  8 

!J 


^  c 

bjO  O 
" 


o 


60  _- 


O    O 


o 


^ 


•So  o  <£>  ^ 

g'-g     .^r^  bjo.2 
*-i  > 

bc"^ 


CD  _S3 


co 


§.2^  5 


S  S  fl 

O    cS  **~^ 
rj     CD 
ro    bJO  bJD 
S3 

co  CD  -a 


ii 


00 


S 


CD 

§•!** 

^    !> 


^     ^    .JH  ^SL/ 


c6    co 


CD 

II 

*=    ^ 

>•    c6 

So 


o  a  o 
" 


aj 


bJObJOr^     O 

c3  .2  "CO  "•£    fl 

i — '     CO 


-— H     XI     C2 

Q-l     CO  "-1 


o  b 

CD  cC  ^~ 

•~<     "Tj  i-H 

5  §^"2 

S3    o    S3  ^ 

S  ^^bJO^CD 


«  S 


2      o 


O 


co 


-      _     CD 
fl    S3Xi 


^    CD  -^  ««     CD    S 

O     »~™^         -3 

c3    c3 

P    - 


°3  g^ 

03     crS     p     Cu 


S        ^^^     M      .     ,     -4-3 

^    bc2  ^    ® 

pq  S3  '-§  >  Q 

s8| 

rS*3    3 


s.a 


HEM 


1  I" —    — t~^H — "1 

'g  W-  "       ttt 

L 


193 


CO     p  -^» 

IS   a 


o  d 


'CD 


. 

* 


Ht*5w 

i-l  (N        CO  CO(N 

OOOO    |  GO     I      I          XX 


> 

Q 


02 

»q 
H 


O 

3 


g  Is  111 

I-H     ..GQi 

|  ~2 
6   g 


*    -aa  .  .    3 
'  S  •       S 


bC^ 
.3^ 


w6 


CN  CO  -^  lO  CO  l>-        CO  OO 


o  ^q 

02 

o 

'      CD 
CD   -S 

a  .^ 


j 

^     CO 


S     g 

05     S 


O     S 
«+-!     CD 

O     CD 


^  CO 


02PM 

CD    d 


CD 

j22  ^ 

^    c8 
CD     02 


d  o5 

<2e 


o  K 

c3    CD 
02  .^ 

II 


d  -5 
.2 
~o  .-s 


i-^ 


r—t*  d 


o  d 

CQ 

T§ 

;sg 

3  ^ 


1 — '  ^ 

o  o 

02  _C! 
^^ 


rrt  a 

^  CD 
c3  .~S 
CD  ^~ 

feH  ® 
I  £ 


'CO 

6 


be 

CD 


CD 
CD 
^ 
fe 


a. 15 

g     02 
O    ^ 

^ 


CD 

A 


rH          ^ 

a 

CD 
J 


a    *o 


'^ 


13 


O         «2 


194 


195 


Q 

CQ 

— j 
02 

Pn 

O 

a 


sffS?    § 


, 

£  y    '      3 


g 


'      *  '^: 


. 

t  !  i!  Si*  1  III  9? 

"  : 


i  ill! 


p 

2  u 

il 


x     x 


cu 

i*^f 

aaawriN  1 

J 

1 

c 
J 

1 

S 

CO     ..         ; 

tf 

a 

*-> 

H 

2 

a 

_ri 

s 

S 

O 

5 

'  Sf3     o 

•   3         ^ 

| 

^ 

1 

s!  I 

1 

? 

^ 

o 

3 

j 

-  c<i      —  eo      eo      — 


IPTI 


iD 

a 

bD 
C 

1 

£ 


s 

-a 
a 


o      ^ 

^3          O 

05  •*=> 


j 

1  ^  af 

2  o 

ir  r          eg  ^> 

--- 1 1  s, 

!       *r~  r^ 

:«  8 15  «    !      O  § 

IS  £co32        & 

"CO        ..    ,      e£  _  CO  CO  C"3 

!  T3          '  '£   >   i.Tl  CO  Tt< 


cc 


"S  00 
•   I     ""3 


•JHH 


»<     b    I    <?<    colT*^     o    g£  -w-2^  •  p»  ;  oa^     - 

i  jfjjtf5{iii|^Sfls|j  |j|  ||| 

?Sc^  u<!^z  «co2^'^^^-^^y'Si''><ojS45^S<'S  S'o'  !  ^  ^  ^ 

DC    X    <3     E     O     tuDC     <3K     X     CuD£     bCDC     co  Cu<j;i  -^   S  Q 


196 


00 
0 

W 
H 

5 

PH 


197 


Q 

—i 

Q 


S 

Q 

3 

co 


d 
111 


o 

r  >• 
o  +j 

-4-3 

CD     CD 


1 


f.§ 

_>     CO 

£*  ^2 


CD  ~a> 


IJ 

O    co 

x  d 

pq 

63  .2 

p> 

1—  I 

CD     CO 

^ 

^     ^ 

GO 

«     0° 

^.s 

.1-1       5.4 

CO     g 

^  ^ 

CO     CD 

•£XI 

, 
n 


Though  incompl 
ble  the  student  to 


to 

fl 


. 

CQ  a 

<  o 

<D  <D 


CO 

^^ 

1  — 

d 

O 

d 
o 

0 

1 

d 
.2 

fl 

_0 

- 


CD    >-,  P*  ^5 

xi  *a       •"*  T5 
+=  '-r3        t>  «*H 


rS      08 


P  ®  a  a 
° 


•5>fgi 

II  ?S  1 

co  A  ce  x    g 
CD  g^^  x 

Islfll 


GO 

M  -13 
o  a 


" 


c3          P^ 


199 


>O 
»O 


SO  Is—  Cl 

|     v   X        ^  lf:> 

1       A    *  00  GO     X 


rH  rH  C<J         <N 


t^.t^GOOi         O  rH  3<>         CO         CO 


CO         t^.t^GOOi 

^        ?O  5O  ?O  ?O 


H3 
~5 


a^  a 

5  S 

° 


•S3 
Jl 

<P    ^ 


1 


t    * 


»-a    s 

S  -  s 


o  «« 

' 


1     <3 


;     vo  »0  10  id     H 
X         ""Xi  CO  GO  CO  rH 


i-H         rHr-lr-li-HrHT}<iMrH(N         <M 


-a 
5« 


8    fi 


«  3 

si    I  1? 


M    • 


M 


«        .2 

fflHPQQ 


•jay 


O5O 
•*iO 


rj 


!<§&§ 


d 
I 

T3 
bD 

n 


S-' 


- 


> 
o>        o 

^    a 


200 


00 


W 
H 


PH 


203 


o 
Z  w 

p 

£ 


.2.3 


is* 

is 


'     -3 


S-s 


>-?.&£         % 

M  $ 

Js^^s 


••s  -yj- 

'&      o 


Bu 
Bu 


ffiQffi 


=2^  »H  fe.o 

^^0=2  =2^1 
^-.3.*  ^ 


i  ^a  <S    * 

!  33  a,  be 

:*  -a*j 

I  -III 

'      ®      K^  P      S 


G 
O 

fl 

I 

•J? 


CD 

•  rH 

^H 


bJO 

_fl 

1 

CO 
03 

S 

03 


8 


GO 

rH 
03 


s     £ 


o         _ 


03 

a 

OJ 
iC 


aaawnfj 


II 


Ss|il|?II.a|HJgt     - 

0 1-3      PH      ffi 


8    S. 


§ 

of 
fl 


bo 

a 


^2  &o 

•3-1 


03 
U 


CO 


§ 


•8 


J8 

-2 


03 


205 


4  ^ 


rH         «0 
X       00 


rH  (M         <M         CM 


S3  «3  ®  P)  o  ^oj  g  a> 

A  02    g^H92  g  r- 1  O2 

-*j   t>_-^  -^  frt  ^3  **  rrt 
23   ® 'cS  S  •  °*   eS  • 

oWgoJi  ^og 


Ij 

ofe 

0§ 

fi 

i*l 

Is 


I  £ 

&_a 


o 


Fu 
ic 


Washer 
Fork  ( 


^ 

*^    ^  f^ 

§5       ° 
vSwfi 


c2§ 
-2j» 

il 

S|^ 

sll 

d'gf 
a   QQ 


I  .o 

!l 

'I 


rH  (M          CO          *^          l&SOT^ 

CO  CO        CO         CO         CO  CO  CO 


5  9 

d 

r^4  09 

2  S 


fl         bJD 
o      .2 


_§       o 


S      jj 


o 

cc 
bD 


~         rC3 


-U       <>V' 

i>Too 

C5      . 
^    § 


05  <X) 
fl  C3 
O  co 


|  g 

<D  """^ 

e,  -4-3 

S  CO 


o 


r 


rH  rH  •*  (N  r-t  r-l  ,-H         (M  r-4 


i     l        Il  il. 
SIS  £31    ^IS^l  >  S 

wog    6    M     g 


t<4J-       . 


s 


CO         l^COOiO         .-H  tN  CO  TH  kO  «O  t--        COOS         O 
r-l         r-lrHr-tlN         CN  CM  (M  <M  (M  C<J  (N         CM  <M         CO 


c3        O  'Ti 

2    ^j  •** 


.&  .2 

Sj  'M 

i-H  -2 

CD  O 

£  * 


bo  <D 

-s  -a 

•a  ^ 

ft  I 


0    fl 


S  ^ 

jr\    02 
-fl 


O  H  ^ 

I  S  IJ 

3  3  §5^ 

CD  |x)  O  ^3 

Q  rvi  ty.   <s> 

f"H  HH  r—(     M 


206 


t^ 

QO 

£ 

W 

H 


207 


|S     *?£  'I    I 
I.  -IS    „  J 

02 


•JHH 


Ilili  -I 
"£°i8s:  « 

S**B?SS« 

«liS^c! 
5^13*11 

1^^.2^« 


ll^ffi 


JSS 


£«» 


C3    2 

c3 

i-§ 


O     CD 


e3    CD 

|| 

CO     CO 

g- 


i  . 
t 


o 


c3    d 

o  o 
w  -rt 


sa 

ff.s 


2  ° 

g-s 


<D     ^ 
^  r^ 

1.2 


00  •? 
^    < 


H  J>3 

1-5 

S  a 
\&  * 

x-^-o 

s^^ 


208 


209 


fl  w 

=3    a) 

CD     ^ 

fl    -Q 

§)§ 

'co  ^ 

®  s 

rQ     fl 

c8 

§ 

§a 

o 

t        ^, 

0    03 

Z  M 

'     -^ 

^•5 

i—  l    -      I    X     I    y  (7-1  CO 

_jj  •+=> 

^ 

I'g 

"4^    b£ 

S    & 

03     QJO 
173     p 

si 

•-1    <D 

^M 

S  3 
D  CJ 

'S  g 
.2  ^ 

05 

""§  -s 

^ 

g  § 

J 

I 

fi  ^             yZ  'S   f3        "3 

^a 

•s  s 

«  & 

H 

||             |||^| 

>     03 
0^ 

w 

-^    *a 
03     c8 

K_  H 

.SP^S 

•f—1 

Jj 

H| 
o 

5'S 

c6    <-; 

| 

^8 
.sft 

2 

c- 

-? 

s^ 

00 

M 

1—1 

0    c3 

Q 

5 

'S    § 

^j                 «!•* 

P 

?H     -»-3 

1^|       '1       'Jf? 

J.3 

Mj§    "^ojg^S^ 

rs  03 

11  "Illlll 

.22^ 

H 

rS  02 

P 

05^ 

SI 

14 


&  03  w    ® 

3  ^  co 

"7!  -*=  fl 

03      rH  O 


^3    S 

II 


210 


® 
i  -?oF  IS 


M^ 

X       ? 


g^JL** 
S 


00 

0 

£ 

W 

^ 
PH 


,2  o 


211 


X 
O 

PQ 


O 


2 

Hs 

O 
£ 

3 

^ 

8 

p 


**  ar 

i?«-  s.  a- 


r-H  rl  rH  r-H  rX  CO  r-( 


CO  "     2 


-M  _,    >-i 

2  oj-g.2 


. 

rocO-  2 


-s  -3  *«  .a 


REFE 
NUM 


.    . 


O 

111 

i 

'CJO 


c3    fl 

JSl 

- -a 


§1 


f-s    §1 


2  x  ® 

rS  -2      W  -*2 


SECTION  IX 
1  CWT.  STEAM  HAMMER 


1  CWT.  STEAM  HAMMEK 

COMPLETE  details  of  a  1  Cwt.  Steam  Hammer  are  given  on  plates 
numbered  90  to  96,  as  follows  :— 

Plate  No.  90.  Base  plate,  anvil  block,  piston,  etc. 

Plate  No.  91,  Standards,  etc. 

Plate  No.  92.  Cylinder  and  valves. 

Plate  No.  93.  Actuating  gear  details. 

Plate  No.  94.  Part  arrangement  of  actuating  gear. 

Plate  No.  95.  Foot  gear  details. 

Plate  No.  96.  Foundation  plan. 

Plate  No.  94  also  gives  an  "outside  view"  elevation,  showing  the 
general  arrangement  of  the  complete  hammer.  This  elevation,  and 
the  descriptive  text  accompanying  it,  should  be  carefully  considered 
before  any  of  the  work  on  the  steam  hammer  is  proceeded  with. 

The  student  will  then  be  able  to  carry  out  the  work  in  a  more  in- 
telligent manner,  thereby  accentuating  the  interest  and  pleasure  ob- 
tainable. 

It  may  at  once  be  stated  that  the  term  "  1  cwt.,"  used  in  describing 
this  hammer,  indicates  approximately  the  weight  of  the  falling  mass 
which  strikes  the  blow,  i.e.  the  tup,  the  tup  pallett,  the  piston  rod,  and 
the  piston.  The  force  of  the  blow  struck  depends  not  only  on  the  weight 
of  this  mass,  but  also  on  the  pressure  of  the  steam  above  the  piston 
accelerating  the  fall  of  the  mass.  The  energy  of  the  blow,  after  full 
piston  stroke,  and  just  before  striking,  may  be  calculated  as  follows : 
E  =  energy.  A  =  area  of  piston  in  square  inches.  P  =  average 
steam  pressure  on  piston  during  downward  stroke  in  Ibs.  per  square 
inch.  S  =  stroke  of  piston  in  feet.  W  =  falling  weight  in  Ibs. 
E  =  (AP  +  W)S  foot-lbs. 

The  hammer  may  be  worked  either  "  self-acting,"  or  each  blow 
may  be  hand-controlled.  Both  methods  of  working  are  clearly  indi- 
cated in  the  text  accompanying  Plate  No.  95. 

A  lubricator,  fitted  with  a  hand  pump  (not  shown  on  the  illus- 
trations), is  affixed  to  one  of  the  standards,  and  oil  is  pumped 
from  this  through  a  copper  pipe  to  the  stop  valve  chest,  whence 
it  is  carried  by  the  steam  to  the  distributing  valve  and  the  cylinder. 

The  student  is  required  to  make  various  detail  working  drawings, 
particulars  of  which  are  given  in  the  text  accompanying  the  various 
plates. 

214 


1  CWT.  STEAM  HAMMER  215 

EXAMPLE   151. — Make   a   general   arrangement  drawing  of  the 
hammer,  complete,  to  the  following  particulars : — 

(a)  An  elevation  corresponding  to  the  elevation  shown  on  Plate 
No.  94,  but  to  be  a  sectional  elevation,  the  section   being  taken  on 
the  centre  line  of  the  cylinder. 

(b)  An  ll  end  elevation,"  as  seen  when  looking  at  the  front  of  the 
hammer. 

(c)  An  outside  view  plan. 

(d)  (If  space  permits.)     An  "  end  elevation,"  as  seen  when  locking 
at  the  back  of  the  hammer. 


217 


-C 

o 

4S 

.2 

&c 

g 

O> 

'ft 

^5 

8 

o 

-g 

'§* 

a 

0 

•5 

1c 

ft 

p 

Q^ 

fl 

<£> 

<D 

0 

O 

la 

a 

§ 

J3 

'So 

<D 

a 

'i 

ce 

CT" 

cc 

'r^5 

» 

QQ 

al 

,^«4_i 


1 


1 

cs 


218 


05 

I 


219 


^1.2 


•aDajj     w      «5      50 ,_, 


"S     7 


0?  '^  .**     r5 

W    £w 


2    S    ^g 


X  '""*          "" 


aaawnfj 


5  J 


^    ^°  g     =§' 


f-l 
o> 

Is- 

I  & 

hn    O 

S    5-i 
CO 


1—1    fl 

53 'fl 

<vt-i     P 

o.o 


fl     2 


CD  0}   "*•? 

I  |1 

<»       1:5  S* 


3 


^1^  <X> 

.,  -fl 


o>        ,3   fl 

-»o  (D    <D 


JH     fl 


J>  P-^ 

-  -^     fl}     {>• 
s — x   i-5      r* 


§ 


is    »>• 


CD    CD    „ 
^^  -2 


:  i 

°  ^     -5  -s 
^  .2^  ftS 

«   o         0   cc 


O         ^ 

rH     rfT    CD 


illli 

>  -J3    «?    P 


.0  ^     g 


fl    S-5 


* 


. 


220 


221 


,c?         S1 


aaawnftf 


a      pi* 

^      S 

o    s 


2     £ 

1-1        02 

"b     2 


ust  Pipe 
each  end) 
Studs 


•02 


•<g  -"e"  'gf 'Sg-l  •  '« 
..,3  |s.  .|8^ja^.s 

3 t>  MvC -asiI-r>'SFk«sfer*s-e.4 

||-^i-l^l-^l-r?«2 

^J|^6|^f1|^g| 

r^^^t^^^^oASfs 
5-S  bo 


lv 
r 
ed 
ts 


!! 


S^- 


:£z^ 


w^^j  03  PL,       ^   rt  O 

^gllS-    »|5 

Tj   co   t*1  ••""         t/3   ;w   ri 


IM     a?55S 


J  CO  Tf  IO 

^   Tt<    Tjl 


g 


o  J§ 

'i*— ( 

13  -S 


£ 

f-i 
O 


J3.SP     ft 

H  C       5 


g  g 

"Sog 


SI 

If 

c3      > 


~rk 


•s  i 


rH  rH  O         rH  <M  -tf         <M  i-H         rH  rH  CO         CO  r-H  lM 


a     "3 

I    £ 


11 


I  II 

=  =?  ^5 

*O  fl    ^ 

f>  ?  Q 


fl 

CD 

J4 


5 
a 

o 


O  ^  . 

rH  ^CD  ^O 

g    ft  O 

^  5  ^ 

CO     ^  * 

r^      C3  CD 


.  .« 


Si 


IS 


u 
C 


;l   ,=  ! 


feO^ 

^si^a 
s^s 


ai^ii 


ed 
St 
Nu 
for 


|-S5 


la 
re 
fo 
for 
late 


S 
Gl 
scr 


•**ig*j 


s 
Pl 


' 


.  &D 

I 

i! 

CH     03 


6     W 


ll3!ZiaS^    fta*g!z'S'SSS5S.& 

ll^ll  II 


t^OO         OiOrH         (MCO-*         iO?OI^         OOO5 
CNCN         CNCOCO        COCOCO         CO  CO  CO        COCO 


5-1  -»^» 
CD 

[  ^j  05 

a  o 


tUD 

I 


222 


224 


.-i 


^TF^W 


CO 

05 

d 
£ 

W 
H 

<1 
H^ 
PH 


225 


PH 


E 
^ 

i 


o 

CO 

i-H 

H 

2 


H 

o 
o 

55 


B 


BW 

E 


.g 


S: 

I  5; 

ci 


II 


- 


s 

' 


:  s         " 


0  f-H  (M  CO  •*  0  ?D  t>-        Q0050r-;2?COrHi«COt^OOOi^ 


& 


I    1 


II       II 


.°          tl      |l 


~ 


is  s 


H|* 
CO 


d    " 

05 


po 


H|30 
I 

53 

d 


15 


226 


1SOVHX3 


H 

a 

PL| 


227 


6 
KM 


'S    ' 


I  I 


i    O   S*  A  J  ^    X'   O  ^5    2   ><  "f 

j     g     O     Jg  *— '  ^     3    t*1  -          O     S      rt 

I&H02H        feB        Z»       ffi^ 


o 

£« 

.,  N 

M5 

I 


1    I  x  -f  x   1  x  •-*  x  g  x 

s    .2  t         ft   .S  *         * 

"tfli        •«»  "lNr       "*° 


s  s 

£     .02     .    J-jGO     .    ^^!H 

"   "    ~  "gS  "  1§  s 


"s 

a 


"  '    " 


i  o  .     o     . 

02  0  OH  O  Z5Q  S  PH  M 


fl     .^ 

O  O3 


to 


<D 

'-d 


f  II 

«  -  g 

£  §~S> 

l>  "^  -»-3  "H       S3 

I  .  8.2,3  i  g 

H         -»3    s-,    O  >    H 


5  c  to  o 

1  «-5g 

to  2^o 

§  '"3  •§  a> 

p     ,-<     CD 

2  3I| 

CD  CD   •*=    *" 

a  ^  'S  ^ 

6  *tfi 

fii  O    c3    o 


<D  a 

p-£2    S 
fl    CD 


I  =, 

W          ^rrt 


«     03     >» 
CD  ^    « 

^"^  a 


* 


I? 


73     CD  « 

a^    ?^ 


S       <»       to 

JH  9    ?H    O      "\^ 

03  jg  ,5  'H  ^ 


^  a  ^ 


j/3  G  to  ^ 

Jj  a  o-2 


Q^  3  IN 

to  ^'03     g  CD.S 

Si  -S  &  a    a  g 


228 


W 
H 


- 

^  a 


I    °li    fl  J-i 

3  I  2  0=^ 


.a     £ 


_c 

"2 


w 


229 


•S-H      .    P 


o>  *   m  "-^        ^"S   °   *        d   °°   fl 

•lll.pllll.s^fl 


°  T3    03    o3  iC"1^  - 

^  S=3  fe&3 


P^ 
O 


^^^ 

^JSo 
^^2^ 


1  2-3_£^£  3  —  g  g  g 

%    ftS    gfi    &rg 
p    «    {>  T3    O 

1)    w^ _d 


^Jl'li^^-r 

?  >     „  ^  ^ 


^     >•     *^.   -*-J  s^/        •"    >-/     QJ  r^       -i 

rS  o       ^  CD  ^  ®  PH^  t>c^  13 

*jljfllsjj*j' 

•S  S=   S,-s  g  ^^'^" 

ll||Hllri| 

^     fe     O     CD     >     Q,.-*3    ^     O     ^  rrt     5> 


o> 


111 
^s 

'SS.a 

-a  a* 

g  I-S 

t^  J3    O 
^'55  fl 


!D 

Oi 

6 
fc 

W 
H 

^ 

fin 


a:-imvn\T 


ffl    c3 
jf  j 

=  s  sf  g"i 


_ 

a  5  o  <      .2  -  -    ^  §    ^  . 
- 


-Is    § 

I'     § 


ce  o  .b  s  -43      s  5  •; 
^  2  2P^,S      o'Vl 


231 

ft 


«|QO 

co" 


SCO 

o    fl 
ft  0 


oo 


o>  -X 

H"! 

.2 
a 


232 


BRITISH  STANDARD 

WHITWOKTH  SCREW  THREADS  AND  HEXAGONAL  NUTS  AND 
BOLT  HEADS 


Diameter 

Sectional           Uri«ht  Se*aft'n"'  Nuts  and       Thickness. 
Area  at                           Bolt  Heads'                            of 

of  Bolt 

Threads          '*?ttom.  °^ 

Bottom  of 

Lock  Nut 

in  Inches,    per  Indi.  ;       ^"Ses. 

Threads 
in  Sq.  Inches. 

Size  Across 
Flats  (Max.) 

Size  Across          (Max.) 
Corners  (Max.)    in  Inches. 

in  Inches. 

in  Inches. 

| 

20 

•186 

•0272 

•525 

•61                    '18 

r> 
1  il 

18 

•2414 

•0458 

•600 

•69                 -22 

a 

M 

16 

•295 

•0683 

•710 

•82                -26 

14 

•346 

•094                   -820 

•95                -30 

J 

12                 -3933 

•1215                 -920 

1-C6                -34 

is 

11                 -5086 

•2032               1-100 

1-27                -43 

2              10                -6219 

•3038 

1-300 

1-5                  -51 

9                 '7327                 '4216               1-480 

1-71                -59 

1                 8                 -8399                 -5540 

1670 

1-93                -68 

li               7                 -942                   -6969 

1-860 

2-15         ,        -77 

l| 

7               1-067                   -8942               2  -050 

2-37                -85 

18 

6               1-1616               1-0597               2-220 

2-56                 -94 

H            u 

1-286C.               1-3001               2-410 

2-78              1-02 

lij-               5               1-3689               1-4718               2-580 

2-98              1-10 

12               '">               1-4939               1-7528               2-760 

3-19               1-19 

2                44             1-7154              2-3111              3-150 

3-64              1-35 

2£       |        4~             1-9298               2-9249               3-550 

4-10              1-52 

24 

4               2-1798              3-7318              3-890 

4-49              1-69 

22 

^ 

2-3841 

4-4641               4-180 

4-83              1-85 

3 

3A 

2-6341               5-4496              4  -530 

5-23              2-02 

3i 

3| 

2-8560              6-4063              4-850 

5-60              2-19 

34 

3J 

3-106                7-5769              5-180 

5-98              2-35 

32 

3 

3-3231 

8-6732              5-550 

6-41              2-52 

4 

3              3-5731 

10-0272 

5-950 

6-87         i     2-69 

4^ 

2*            4-0546 

12-9118 

6-820 

7-88              3-03 

5"               22            4-5343             16-1477              7-800 

9-01              3-36 

5i 

2g-            5-0121             19-7301              8-850 

10-22              3-7 

6" 

2* 

5-4877             23-6521 

10-000 

11-55              4-03 

Standard  square  threads. — No.  per  inch  =  half  the  No.  of  Vee 
threads  for  same  diameter. 

Thickness  of  standard  nut  =  diameter  of  bolt. 

Thickness  of  standard  bolt  head  =  Jths  of  diameter  of  bolt. 

NOTE. — The  above  table  is  reproduced  by  permission  of  the 
British  Engineering  Standards  Association  from  their  Reports,  Nos. 
34  and  28. 


233 


BRITISH  STANDARD 

PIPE  THREADS 


BRITISH  STANDARD 

FINE  THREADS 


Internal 
Dia.  of 
Pipe  in 
Inches. 

External 
Dia.  of 
Pipe  in 
Inches. 

No.  of 
Threads 
Per  Inch. 

Length  of 
Screwing 
in  Inches. 

ft 

ft 

28 

1 

I 

19 

1 

3 

IT 

H 

19 

ft 

ft 

tt 

14 

5 

f 

11 

14 

| 

£ 

14                 | 

£ 

1A 

14                | 

1 

11                 £ 

if 

IT^ 

11              1 

ift 

1|* 

11              1 

if 

2-r-5ff 

11              1£ 

2 

2| 

11              ]£ 

2i 

2| 

11              11 

2A 

3 

11              1J 

2f 

8| 

H              If 

3 

3J 

11 

11 

3£ 

8f 

11 

3^ 

4 

11 

l^ 

3| 

4J 

11 

i* 

4 

4! 

11 

4£ 

5 

11 

IK 

5" 

5ft 

11 

If 

5ft 

6 

11 

6 

6ft 

11 

2 

Dia.  in 

Inches. 

No.  of 
Threads 
Per  Inch. 

Dia.  at 
Bottom  of 
Threads 
in  Inches. 

Sectional 
Area  at 
Bottom  of 
Threads  in 
Sq.  Inches. 

u'-* 

28 

•1731 

•0235 

i 

2G 

•2007 

•0316 

/5 

2G 

•2320 

•0423 

1% 

22 

•2543 

•0508 

§ 

20 

•3110 

•0760 

18 

•3GG4 

•1054 

ft' 

10 

•4200 

•1385 

i  <; 

16 

•4825 

•1828 

8 

14 

•5335 

•2235 

H 

14 

•59GO 

•2790 

f 

12 

•G433 

•3250 

H 

12 

•7058 

•3913 

i 

11 

•7586 

•4520 

1 

10 

•8719 

•5971 

H 

9 

•9827 

•75-5 

i| 

9 

1-1077 

•9637 

i| 

8 

1-2149 

1-1592 

1ft 

8 

1-3399 

1-4100 

if 

8 

1-4649 

1-6854 

if 

1 

1-5670 

1-92&5 

2 

1 

1-8170 

2-5930 

2i 

G 

2-0366 

3-2577 

2* 

6 

2-2866 

4-1065 

2| 

6 

2-5366 

5-0535 

3 

5 

2-7439 

5-9133 

NOTE. — These  tables  are  reproduced  by  permission  of  the  British 
Engineering  Standards  Association  from  their  Reports,  Nos.  34  and 

84. 


236 


IMPERIAL  STANDARD 

WIRE  GAUGE 
(I.W.G.  or  S.W.G.) 


BIRMINGHAM  WIRE  GAUGE 
(B.W.G.) 


No. 

Diameter 
in 
Inches. 

No. 

Diameter 
in 
Inches. 

7/0 

•5 

23 

•024 

6/0 

•464 

24 

•022 

5/0 

•432 

25 

•020 

4/0 

•4 

26 

•018 

3/0 

•372 

27 

•0164 

2/0 

•348 

28 

•0148 

0 

•324 

29 

•0136 

1 

•300 

30 

•0124 

2 

•276 

31           -0116 

o 

•252 

32 

•0108 

4 

•232 

33 

•0100 

5 

•212 

34 

•0092 

6 

•192 

35 

•0084 

7 

•176 

36 

•0076 

8 

•160 

37 

•0068 

9 

•144 

38 

•0060 

10 

•128 

39 

•0052 

11 

•116 

40 

•0048 

12 

•104 

41 

•0044 

13 

•092 

42 

•0040 

14 

•080 

43 

•0036 

15 

•072 

44 

•0032 

16 

•064 

45 

•0028 

17 

•056 

46 

•0024 

18 

•048 

47 

•0020 

19 

•040 

48 

•0016 

20 

•036 

49 

•0012 

21 

•032 

50 

•0010 

22 

•028 

No. 

Diameter 
in 
Inches. 

Diameter 
No.     i           in 
Inches. 

j 

0000 

•454 

17 

•058 

000 

•425 

18           -049 

00 

•380 

19 

•042 

0 

•340 

20 

•035 

1 

•300 

21 

•032 

2 

•284 

22 

•028 

3 

•259 

23 

•025 

A 

•238 

24           -022 

5 

•220 

25     ;       -020 

6 

•203 

26     •       '018 

7 

•180 

27           '016 

8 

•165 

28            -014 

9 

•148 

29           -013 

10 

•134 

30     ]       -012 

11 

•120 

31            -010 

12 

•109 

32 

•009 

13 

•095 

33 

•008 

14 

•083 

34 

•007 

15 

•072 

35 

•005 

16 

•065 

36 

•004 

1 

237 


DECIMAL  EQUIVALENTS  OF  FEACTIONAL  PAETS  OF 

AN  INCH 


Fractions.      Decimals. 

Fractions. 

Decimals. 

Fractions. 

Decimals. 

Fractions. 

Decimals. 

A 

•015625 

tt 

•265625 

f|       !   -515625 

M 

•765625 

& 

•03125 

g 

air 

•28125 

1  7 
~$~% 

•53125 

M 

•78125 

A 

•046875 

H 

•296875 

M 

•546875 

li 

•796875 

A 

•0625 

A 

•3125 

A 

•5625 

H 

•8125 

A 

•078125 

H 

•328125 

H 

•578125 

5  3 
¥T 

•828125 

A 

•09375 

H 

•34375 

U 

•59375 

H 

•84375 

ffT 

•109375 

II 

•359375 

« 

•609375 

14 

•859375 

I 

-125 

1 

•375 

1 

•625 

i 

•875 

A 

•140625 

If 

•390625 

tt 

•640625 

5  7 
TiT 

•890625 

& 

•15625 

H 

•40625 

H 

•65625 

II 

•90625 

H 

•171875 

tt 

•421875 

« 

•671875 

It 

•921875 

A 

•1875 

7 
Tff 

•4375 

15 

•6875 

-H 

•9375 

« 

•203125 

I! 

•453125 

H 

•703125 

n 

•953125 

A 

•21875 

H 

•46875 

H4           -71875 

H 

•96875 

H 

•234375 

31 

•4*4375 

U 

•734375 

H 

•984375 

i 

•25 

ft 

•5 

3 

4 

•75 

1-0 

METRICAL  TABLE  WITH  ENGLISH  EQUIVALENTS 
TO  THE  NEAREST  THIRTY-SECOND  OF  AN  INCH 


Mm.    Ins. 

Mm.   Ins. 

Mm.   Ins. 

Mm.    Ins. 

Mm.    Ins. 

1=  -i-i* 

29  =  1& 

57  =  2^ 

85=  3H 

325  =  12p 

2  =  -& 

30  =  IvV 

58  =  2& 

86=  3| 

350  =  13U 

3  =  ft 

31  =  1^ 

59  =  2j% 

87  =  3-tV. 

375  =  14f  " 

*  =  A 

32  =  1J 

60  =  2g 

88=  3ij 

400  =  15  J 

5=  f'u 

33  =  1-/V 

61  =  2^i; 

89  =  3| 

425  =  16p 

6=  i 

34  =  lijt 

62  =  2^ 

90  =  8££ 

450  =  17|4 

7  =  *V 

35  =  1|" 

63  =  2)f 

91=  SB 

475  =  18H 

8=  A 

36  =  l£f 

64  =  2J4 

92  =  3| 

500  =  19H 

9=  H 

37  =  H| 

65  =  2^ 

93=  3^ 

525  =  20fi 

10=  H 

38  =  H 

66  =  2^ 

94=  3-H 

550  =  21ffc 

11=  A 

39  =  H* 

67  =  2| 

95  =  3| 

575  =  22f 

12=  M 

40  =  1TV 

68  =  2« 

96  =  3-p 

600  =  23| 

13  =  | 

41  =  If 

69  =  2^ 

97=  3i| 

625  =  24i^ 

14=  A 

42  =  1M 

70  =  2f 

98=  3H 

650  =  25i4l 

15=  H 

43  =  1H 

71  =  2|f 

99  =  3p 

675  =  26^ 

16=  | 

44  =  U% 

72  ±  2^ 

100=  3H 

700  =  27^ 

17=  11 

45  =  l|l 

73  =  2|" 

105  =  4j^ 

725  =  28i^ 

18  =  & 

46  =  H?f 

74  =  2|£ 

110  =  4i^ 

750  =  29i| 

19=  r 

47  =  Ifi 

75  =  2-i-f, 

115  =  4U 

775  =  30|" 

20=  ff 

48  =  1^ 

76  =  3 

120  =  4£f 

800  =  31* 

21=  f§ 

49  =  1}£ 

77  =  3,V 

125  =  4|| 

825  =  32if 

22=  a 

50  =  m 

78  =  3TV 

150  =  5|| 

850  =  33fi 

23=  fS- 

51  =  2"" 

79  =  3J 

175=  64" 

875  =  34Tv 

24=  ^ 

52  =  2TV 

80  =  3,\ 

200=  7£ 

900  =  35T^ 

25=  -«4 

53  =  2,-V 

81  =  3^V 

225  =  8ft 

925  =  36^4 

26  =  l^V 

54  =  2J 

82  =  3.SV 

250  =  9f| 

950  =  37,4 

27  =  1^ 

55  =  2jfr 

83  =  3^ 

275  =  10f| 

975  =  38g" 

28  =  1^ 

56  =  2^ 

84  =  3^ 

300  =  11-1-1 

10CO  =  39| 

INDEX  TO  EXAMPLES 


In  Examples  marked  A  detailed  working  drawings  require  to  be  made  from 
illustrations  which  show  the  parts  assembled  together. 

In  Examples  marked  B  assembly  or  arrangement  drawings  require  to  be 
made.  In  these  cases  the  illustrations  show  either  each  detail  separately,  or 
assembly  views  other  than  those  illustrated  are  called  for. 

In  Examples  marked  C  working  drawings  of  designs  similar  to  those  illus- 
trated are  required,  but  the  student  is  instructed  to  work  to  modified  dimensions. 

Examples  marked  D  are  usually  geometrical  constructions. 
Examples  marked  E  are  tracing  examples. 


Aeroplane  Engine  Air  Pump  . 

Cylinder,  etc.     . 
Oil  Pump 

Propeller  Hub  . 
Armature  for  Continuous  Current  Generator 

»»  »»  »»  M  >» 

Ball-bearing  and  Hanger       ... 

Ball  Thrust  Bearing"      .... 
Base  Plate  for  Steam  Hammer 
Bearing,  Collar  Thrust   .... 


Bed 


and  End  Frame  (induction  motor) 
Details  . 


for  Mine  Fan 
Pedestal  for  Dynamo 


for  Ending  Lathe 


Pipe-screwing  Machine 
Hydraulic  Capstan 
Bevel  Gearing 
Block  for  10-Ton  Crane  . 
,.        15 
»        10         „ 
»        40         „ 
„        40 

Boiler  Fire-box  (traction  engine)    . 
,,     Marine  Type 
,,      Details  (Suckling  water  tube) 


EXAMPLE. 

PAGE. 

•  78 

110 

A 

79 

110 

B 

76 

107 

A 

77 

107 

E 

80 

114 

A 

81 

114 

B 

75 

105 

A 

89 

133 

A 

90 

133 

C 

10 

15 

B 

11 

15 

E 

32 

45 

C 

152 

217 

A 

12 

17 

A 

13 

17 

C 

101 

145 

A 

102 

145 

C 

103 

145 

B 

104 

145 

E 

9 

13 

B 

93 

137 

A 

94 

137 

C 

95 

137 

E 

133 

181 

A 

139 

191 

A 

118 

163 

A 

27 

41 

C 

14 

19 

A 

15 

19 

C 

16 

19 

E 

17 

22 

A 

18 

22 

B 

71 

93 

A 

72 

95 

A 

73 

101 

C 

238 


239 

EXAMPLE.  PAGE. 

Boiler  Safety  Valves  (Ramsbottom) 69  91  B 

„                                       ,,                    70  91  E 

Scum  Cock 67  89  A 

„               68  89  B 

„     Shell  (Suckling  water  tube) 74  101  A 

Broad  Flange  Beam  Stanchion 19  25  B 

Brush  Holder  for  Continuous  Current  Generator  ...  96  139  B 

Induction  Motor 105  147  A 

"              „                   „            „             106  147  C 

Capstan,  Hydraulic 117  161  B 

Bed 118  163  A 

Crank  Shaft,  etc 120  167  A 

Cylinders,  etc 122  169  A 

Carriers,  etc 123  169  A 

Levers,  etc 121  167  A 

Revolving  Plate  and  Bollard 119  165  A 

Unions 129  173  C 

Valves 124  171  A 

125  171  B 

126  171  B 

127  171  E 

Water  Cock 128  173  C 

Casing  for  Sirocco  Fan 7  11  A 

„                  •  8  11  E 

Clutch  (cone)  for  Motor  Car 82  118  A 

„      (plate)  Benn 3  6  A 

„                                    4  6  C 

„                                    5  6  E 

Cock  (scum)  for  Locomotive  Boiler 67  89  A 

„     '     „                     „              „             68  89  B 

Collar  Thrust  Bearing 12  17  A 

-I  q  I  fj  f% 

Colliery  Head  Gear  Pulley      .'        .'        !.'.".'.'  6  9  B 

Commutator  for  Continuous  Current  Generator     ...  91  135  A 

„  92  135  C 

Connecting  Rod  High-speed  Steam  Engine  ....  46  63  A 

Coupling  (flexible) 1  3A 

2  3  C 

Crane  Block,  10-Ton 14  19  A 

„      15    „ 15  19  C 

„ 16  19  E 

„      40-Ton 17  22  A 

„                                    18  22  B 

Crank  Shaft  for  Hydraulic  Capstan 120  167  A 

Cross-head,  Locomotive,  Two  Bar ......  39  55  A 

Single  Bar 41  57  B 

Oil-box 40  55  C 

Curves,  Cycloidal 20  32  D 

,,       Involute 22  35  D 

Cycloidal  Teeth  for  Gear  Wheels 21  32  D 

Cylinders,  Aeroplane  Engine 76  107  A 

Hydraulic  Capstan .122  169  A 

Traction  Engine 49  67  B 

Steam  Hammer 155  222  A 

„            „ 157  222  E 

Carrier  (capstan) 123  169  B 

Covers  (traction  engine) 52  71  C 

,,      (traction  engine  steam  chest)    ...  53  71  C 

54  71   -  E 


240 


EXAMPLE. 

PAOE. 

150 

211 

B 

149 

209 

B 

Dynamo  Armature          .... 

89 

133 

A 

,,                 ,,                 ...... 

90 

133 

C 

,,        Bearing  (pedestal)    

93 

137 

A 

»               >»               »           ..... 

94 

137 

C 

»               >»               »           ..... 

95 

137 

E 

,,        Brush  Holder  ...... 

96 

139 

B 

,,        Commutator     ...... 

91 

135 

A 

,,              ...... 

92 

135 

C 

,,        Field  Frame     

86 

130 

A 

88 

130 

B 

Pole  Slices        

87 

130 

A 

Eccentric  and  Hod  for  High-speed  Steam  Engine 

47 

65 

B 

»»               >»           »>           »»                       »» 

48 

65 

E 

End  Frame  and  Bearing  for  Induction  Motor 

101 

145 

A 

Details    .... 

102 

145 

C 

,,                      ..... 

103 

145 

B 

,, 

104 

145 

E 

Ending  Lathe,  General  Arrangement    . 

130 

177 

B 

,       Bed                   

133 

181 

A 

,       Saddle    

134 

183 

A 

,,             ,       Spindle,  etc.  ..... 

135 

185 

A 

5J                            >                           »»                      »•'••• 

136 

185 

E 

,,             ,       Stands    

131 

179 

A 

132 

179 

E 

Fan  Bearing,  Mine          ...... 

9 

13 

B 

,,     Housing,  Sirocco     ...... 

7 

11 

A 

8 

11 

E 

Field  Frame  for  Dynamo        ..... 

86 

130 

A 

»»                       J5                               >J                                        ..... 

88 

130 

B 

Fire-box  for  Traction  Engine  Boiler 

71 

93 

A 

Flexible  Coupling    

1 

3 

A 

,,              ,,            .         .         . 

2 

3 

C 

Gearing,  Bevel        ....... 

27 

41 

C 

Helical     

28 

43 

A 

,,           ....... 

29 

43 

B 

,,         Housing  for  Worm  ..... 

33 

47 

A 

)»                                5>                               H 

34 

47 

B 

35 

47 

E 

,,         for  Motor  Car           ..... 

83 

122 

A 

,,         Internal  ....... 

26 

39 

C 

Worm       

30 

45 

A 

,, 

31 

45 

C 

Gear  Wheels',  Small        .!.!'.! 

24 

37 

C 

Large        

25 

37 

C 

,,           ,,         Teeth  of,  Cycloidal  .... 

21 

32 

D 

,,           ,,                ,,         Involute    .... 

23 

35 

D 

Gnome  Engine  Cylinder,  etc.          .... 

76 

107 

A 

Governor,  Steam  Engine,  "Pickering" 

56 

75 

A 

»» 

57 

75 

B 

58 

77 

A 

»                                                   ?»                                                         »» 

59 

77 

E 

»»                                              »                                                     J»                         •                  •                  • 

60 

77 

B 

241 

EXAMPLE.  PAGE. 

Governor,  Steam  Turbine        .......  61  81  A 

62  82  E 

63  83  A 

Guide  for  Valve  Rod  (locomotive) 86  51  B 

37  52  C 

38  52  E 

Hanger  with  Ball-bearing       .......  10  15  B 

, 11  15  E 

Head  Gear  Pulley  (colliery) 6  9  B 

Helical  Gearing      .                                  28  43  A 

29  43  B 

High-speed  Steam  Engine  Connecting  Rod  ....  46  63  A 

,,                ,,            „       Eccentric 47  65  B 

48  65  E 

Housing  for  Worm  Gear 33  47  A 

„       and  Worm  Gear 34  47  B 

„                       „ 35  47  E 

Hub  for  Aeroplane  Propeller 75  105  A 

Hydraulic  Capstan,  General  Arrangement     ....  117  161  B 

„              ,,          Bed 118  163  A 

„              ,,          Carriers  for  Cylinders      ....  123  169  B 

„          Crank  Shaft,  etc 120  167  A 

Cylinders,  etc 122  169  A 

„              „          Levers,  etc 121  167  A 

Revolving  Plate 119  165  A 

Unions 129  173  C 

Valves 124  171  A 

,, 125  171  B 

126  171  B 

127  171  E 

Water  Cock 128  173  C 

„          Press  (200  tons) 110  153  A 

Ill  153  B 

„             „           „              112  155  A 

Pump 113  157  A 

114  157  B 

, 115  159  A 

116  159  E 

Stop  Valve 107  151  A 

„                    108  151  C 

,,           „                    109  151  E 

Induction  Motor,  Brush  Holder 103  145  A 

104  145  C 

,,               ,,       End  Frame  and  Bearing    ....  101  145  A 

Details 102  145  C 

103  145  B 

104  145  E 

„       Rotor 99  143  A 

„                           100  143  B 

Stator 97  141  A 

MM              98  141  B 

Internal  Gearing     . 26  39  C 

Involute  Curve  Construction 22  35  D 

Teeth  for  Gear  Wheels 23  35  D 

Jig  for  Drilling  Gear  Case 150  211  B 

Shell  Noses 149  209  B 

16 


242 

EXAMPLE.  PAGE. 

Lathe,  Shell-ending,  Arrangement 130  177  B 

Bed 133  181  A 

„                „              Saddle 134  183  A 

Spindle,  etc 135  185  A 

136  185  E 

Stands,  etc 131  179  A 

132  179  E 

„      Square  Turret  for 137  187  B 

Levers  for  Hydraulic  Capstan 121  167  A 

Locomotive  Cross-head,  Two  Bar 39  55  A 

Single  Bar 41  57  B 

Cylinder  Cover 42  59  A 

, 43  59  C 

, 44  59  E 

Safety  Valves  (Ramsbottom)       ....  69  91  B 

....  70  91  E 

Scum  Cock  for  Boiler 67  89  A 

68  89  B 

Steam  Regulator 45  61  B 

Valve  Rod  Guide 36  51  B 

37  52  C 

38  52  E 

Metallic  Packing  for  Cylinder  Cover 42  59  A 

43  59  C 

„                         „                   44  59  E 

Mine  Fan  Bearing 9  13  B 

Motor  Car  Clutch 82  118  A 

,,       „    Gearing 83  122  A 

,,                 ,,         Calculation 84  122  — 

,,     Omnibus  Steering  Gear       ......  85  125  A 

,,     (induction)  Brush  Holder 105  147  A 

„           „ 106  147  C 

End  Frame  and  Bearing         ...  101  145  A 

,,           Details          ....  102  145  C 

....  103  145  B 

....  104  145  E 

Rotor 99  143  A 

, 100  143  B 

Stator 97  141  A 

98  141  B 

Oil-box  for  Locomotive  Cross-head        .....  40  55  C 

Oil  pump  for  Aeroplane  Engine     ......  80  114  A 

„       „                 „                  „....-..  81  114  B 

Packing,  Metallic,  for  Cylinder  Cover    .....  42  59  A 

„                                    „ 43  59  C 

„                                     , 44  59  E 

Pedestal  Bearing  for  Dynamo 93  137  A 

„                                      94  137  C 

„                                      95  137  E 

Pickering  Governor  for  Steam  Engine 56  75  A 

„                          „              57  75  B 

„                          58  77  A 

„                          „              59  77  E 

„                          „              60  79  B 

Pipe-screwing  Machine  Arrangement 138  189  B 

Bed  139  191  A 


243 


Pipe-Screwing  Machine  Driving  Gear  . 

EXAMPLE. 
140 

147 

PAGE. 
191 
205 

B 
A 

Leading  Screw,  etc.  . 
Saddle 
,                             Stands,  etc. 
Star  Wheel 

146 
142 
148 
143 

203 
197 
207 
197 

A 

B 
A 

o 

,                              Tool  Holder 
,                              Turning  Head   . 
,                             Worm  Gear 

145 
144 
141 

201 
199 
193 

A 
A 

B 

Piston,  Aeroplane  Engine      .... 
,,       Traction  Engine         .... 
Plate  Clutch  (Benn)        .         .  .       . 

76 

51 
3 
4 

107 
69 
6 
6 

A 
C 
A 

o 

5 

6 

F 

Pole  Shoe  for  Dynamo   
Press,  Hydraulic     ...... 
»              >»              ...... 
,,              ,,             ...... 
Propeller  Hub  (aeroplane)      .... 
Pulley,  Colliery  Head  Gear    .... 
Pump,  Air,  for  Aeroplane  Engine  . 

87 
110 
111 
112 
75 
6 
78 
79 

130 
153 
153 
155 
105 
9 
110 
110 

A 
A 

B 
A 
A 
B 
A 

R 

Hydraulic    
,,             ...... 
,,             ...... 

Oil,  for  Aeroplane  Engine  . 
»»     »          »               »         •         •        • 

Ramsbottom  Safety  Valves     .... 

113 
114 
.         .         .         115 
116 
80 
81 

69 
70 

157 
157 
159 
159 
114 
114 

91 
91 

A 

B 
A 

E 
A 
B 

B 

F 

Regulator,  Steam    ...... 
Revolving  Plate  for  Hydraulic  Capstan 
Rod,  Connecting,  High-speed  Steam  Engine 
,,     Guide,  Valve  

45 
119 
46 
36 
37 

61 
165 
63 
51 
52 

B 
A 
A 
B 

o 

• 

38 

52 

F 

Rotor  for  Induction  Motor      .... 

M                               >»                           >»•••• 

Saddle  for  Ending  Lathe         .... 

99 
100 

134 

143 
143 

183 

A 

B 

A 

69 

91 

B 

70 

91 

E 

Screwing  Machine  (pipe)  Arrangement  . 
Bed         ... 
Driving  Gear  . 

»»           •        • 

Leading  Screw,  etc. 
Saddle    . 
Stands,  etc.    . 

138 
139 
140 
147 
146 
142 
148 

189 
191 
191 
205 
203 
197 
207 

B 
A 
B 
A 
A 
B 
A 

Star  Wheel     . 
Tool  Holder    . 

143 
145 

197 
201 

C 
A 

Turning  Head 
Worm  Gear    . 
Scum  Cock  for  Locomotive  Boiler  . 

Shell-ending  Lathe  Arrangement  . 
M                 M      Bed         .... 

144 
141 
67 
68 
180 
133 

199 
193 
89 
89 
177 
181 

A 

B 
A 
B 
B 
A 

Saddle 

134 

183 

A 

244 


EXAMPLE. 

PAGE. 

135 

185 

A 

136 

185 

E 

,,                  ,,       Stands,  etc  

131 

179 

A 

»                             >»                        u                          ..... 

132 

179 

E 

Sirocco  Fan  Housing       

7 

11 

A 

»                    »                       »l                          ....... 

8 

11 

E 

Slide  Valves,  Traction  Engine        

50 

69 

C 

Square  Turret  for  Lathe         ...... 

137 

187 

B 

Stanchion        

19 

25 

B 

Stator  for  Induction  Motor     ...... 

97 

141 

A 

98 

141 

B 

Steam  Hammer  Assembly      ...... 

T51 

215 

B 

Base  Plate    

152 

217 

A 

Cylinders  and  Valves   .... 

155 

222 

A 

,,            ...... 

157 

222 

E 

Standards     

153 

219 

A 

•                                   ,,...... 

154 

219 

E 

Stop  Valve   

15G 

222 

A 

Steering  Gear  for  Motor  Omnibus  ..... 

85 

125 

A 

Stop  Valve,  Hydraulic    ....... 

107 

151 

A 

....... 

108 

151 

C 

....... 

109 

151 

E 

,,             Steam          

64 

87 

B 

,,                 ,  ,              .         .         .        .         . 

65 

87 

C 

,,                 ,,........ 

66 

87 

E 

Teeth  of  Gear  Wheels,  Cycloidal    

21 

32 

D 

,,             ,,                Involute     ..... 

23 

35 

D 

Thrust  Bearing,  Ball      

32 

45 

C 

Collar  

12 

17 

A 

13 

17 

c 

Toothed  Gear  Wheel  (small)  .         .         .         . 

24 

37 

C 

,,                „             (large)    

25 

37 

C 

49 

67 

B 

,,              ,        Cylinder  Covers    

52 

71 

C 

,,              ,        Fire-box       

71 

93 

A 

Piston  

51 

69 

C 

Slide  Valves         

50 

69 

C 

,,              ,        Steam  Chest  Covers     .... 

53 

71 

C 

»             >i                  »»          »                .... 

54 

71 

E 

Stuffing  Box        

55 

73 

C 

Turbine  Governor   

61 

81 

A 

,,               ,,           ........ 

62 

81 

E 

........ 

63 

83 

A 

Turret  for  Lathe      

137 

187 

B 

Unions  for  Hydraulic  Capstan        ... 

129 

173 

C 

Valves  for  Hydraulic  Capstan         

124 

171 

A 

»                               5>                               »                                    ..... 

125 

171 

B 

126 

171 

B 

»                                »                               >»                                    ..... 

127 

171 

E 

Valve,  Hydraulic  Stop    

107 

151 

A 

,              ,,            ,,....... 

108 

151 

C 

,              ,,            ,,....... 

109 

151 

E 

,      Rod  Guide  (locomotive)       ..... 

36 

51 

B 

,                              ,,                                                  ,,                                         ..... 

37 

52 

C 

>                              »                                                  »                                          ..... 

38 

52 

E 

245 

EXAMPLE.  PAGE. 

Valve,  Ramsbottom  Safety 69          91  B 

70          91  E 

Slide,  for  Traction  Engine 50          69  C 

Steam  Stop 64          87  B 

„                       .        .       v.        .        .        .        .        .  65          87  C 

„                                 . 66          87  E 

,,        ,,     (for  steam  hammer)          ....  156  222  A 

Water  Cock  for  Hydraulic  Capstan 128  173  C 

„     Tube  Boiler  (Suckling)  Details 73  101  C 

„             „                    „          Shell 74  101  A 

Wheel,  Small  Gear 24          37  C 

„      Large  Gear 25          37  C 

„     Teeth,  Cycloidal 21          32  D 

„          „      Involute 23           35  D 

Worm  Gearing  for  Hoist 30          45  A 

31          45  C 

Housing 33          47  A 

and  Housing 34          47  B 

„                35           47  E 

for  Pipe-screwing  Machine    ....  141  193  B 


PRINTED   IN   GREAT   BRITAIN   AT  THE   UNIVERSITY   PRESS,   ABERDEEN 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  5O  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


JAN  35  i93g 

22Jan'59FW 

r^r*x*fr^    i    r% 

KE.C  D  LD 

JAN  1  3  1959 

DEC  28  !S3b 

**•  ;  - 

MAR   12  1*., 

1  J"v':-   D 

DFC  2p  jftifi 

»N7*rO 

REC'O  LD 

IO!War'54  GR 

1AM  °      196? 

NAR  i  0  iq^4  VTP 

JAN  " 

1ftanr»57l_Q       , 

iOnjJi  «"  ^-o     j 

REC'D  LD 

A.:  2  3    195V 

1       7Aug'57GB 

REC^tt  I  r% 

v%K>V»  t^    1-   ^^ 

JUL  26  1957 

LD  21-100m-7,'33 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


